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目的阐明糖尿病性黄斑水肿的光学相干断层扫描(Optical coherence tomography,OCT)特征。方法对37例61眼糖尿病合并黄斑区水肿患者进行OCT检查及资料分析。结果 (1)黄斑区局限性水肿者OCT图像:①11眼表现为局限性视网膜层间海绵样增厚;②2眼为单纯性小范围神经上皮层浆液性脱离。(2)黄斑区及其周围弥漫性水肿者OCT图像:①12眼表现弥漫性视网膜层间海绵样膨胀增厚;②7眼可见包括中心凹的视网膜层间海绵样膨胀在内的神经上皮层脱离;③29眼表现为黄斑囊样水肿。(3)61眼中发现有22眼伴玻璃体部分后脱离,5眼伴玻璃体完全性后脱离。结论糖尿病性视网膜黄斑水肿的OCT图像为临床提供类似病理学的直观资料,尤其对治疗的随诊及判定预后具有重要参考价值。
Objective To clarify the characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diabetic macular edema. Methods 37 cases of 61 patients with diabetic macular edema in patients with OCT examination and data analysis. Results (1) OCT images of focal edema in macular area: ①11 eyes showed localized retinal sponge-like thickening; ②2 eyes were simple small-scale neuroepithelial serous detachment. (2) OCT images of the diffuse edema around the macula and its surroundings: (1) 12 eyes showed diffuse thickening of the sponge-like swell between retina layers; (2) 7 eyes showed detachment of the neural epithelium including the foveal cavernous swelling of retina; ③ 29 eyes showed cystoid macular edema. (3) In the eyes of 61 eyes, 22 eyes with posterior vitreous detachment were found, and 5 eyes with posterior vitreous detachment completely. Conclusion The OCT images of diabetic retinopathy have clinical data that provide similar pathology, especially for follow-up and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy.