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1.序言现代无损检测方法的大部分基本物理现象是在上个世纪末发现的。在德国,W·C·伦琴于1985年阐述了由他发现、并按他的名字命名的伦琴射线(伦琴本人为其命名为 X 射线,因此,除德国外,至今均称为 X 射线)。但实际应用却一时没有提到日程上来。通过二十世纪技术和经济的发展,才提出了对于材料与构件的质最用测量方法来定量地表示出来的要求。嗣后三十年,X 射线才首次在技术方面得到应用,德国国家铁路局用它来检查蒸汽锅炉和桥梁的焊接质
1. Introduction Most of the basic physical phenomena of modern NDT methods were discovered at the end of the last century. In Germany, WC Roentgen illustrated in 1985 the roentgen rays that he had discovered and named after him (Roentgen himself named it X-rays and, hence, all X-rays so far, except Germany). But the actual application did not mention the schedule up. Through the technical and economic development of the twentieth century, the quantitative requirements for the qualitative measurement of materials and components were put forward. For the first time in 30 years, X-ray technology was applied for the first time, and the German National Rail Administration used it to check the welding quality of steam boilers and bridges