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目的探讨城乡居民劳动强度与高血压的关系,为高血压防治提供基础数据。方法于2008年1—4月采用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取昆明市20岁及以上常住城乡居民5191人,进行问卷调查、人体测量及生化指标检测和劳动强度分级。结果调查对象中轻体力劳动、中等体力劳动和重体力劳动的高血压患病率分别为33.8%、24.9%和18.1%,糖尿病患病率分别为8.1%、4.5%和1.9%,各劳动强度级别患病率两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);收缩压、舒张压、体质指数(BMI)、腰围、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h口服75g葡萄糖耐量实验(2h-OGTT)、高血压患病率均随劳动强度的增加而下降,且各劳动强度级别均数两两比较,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析,在调整了年龄、性别、肥胖等多种混杂因素之后,中等体力劳动组和重体力劳动组高血压的OR值分别为0.74(95%CI:0.43～1.31)、0.58(95%CI:0.36～0.93),趋势分析P=0.03。结论体力劳动强度对高血压的患病率有保护作用,经常性的适度体力劳动有助于降低居民高血压患病风险。
Objective To explore the relationship between labor intensity and hypertension in urban and rural areas and provide basic data for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Methods From January to April in 2008, a multistage random sampling method was used to collect 5191 residents of urban and rural residents aged 20 years and over in Kunming. The questionnaires, body measurements, biochemical indexes and labor intensity were collected. Results The prevalence rates of hypertension, mild manual labor, moderate manual labor and heavy manual labor were 33.8%, 24.9% and 18.1% respectively. The prevalence of diabetes were 8.1%, 4.5% and 1.9% respectively. The labor intensity (P <0.05). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test -OGTT). The prevalence of hypertension decreased with the increase of labor intensity, and the average of each labor intensity was compared with each other. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the OR of hypertension in moderate manual work group and heavy manual work group were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.43-1.31) and 0.58 (95% CI) after adjusting for various confounders such as age, sex and obesity 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.93), trend analysis P = 0.03. Conclusion Physical labor intensity has a protective effect on the prevalence of hypertension. Regular moderate physical labor can help reduce the risk of hypertension among residents.