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目的:观察预防对策、心理干预及健康教育在预防接种中的应用效果,全面实施国家免疫规划。方法:选取行预防接种的儿童360例,其随机分为干预组与对照组各180例,在接种过程中对照组采取常规处理措施,干预组加强实施心理干预及健康教育。对两组儿童的接种后不良反应、疼痛程度及恐惧程度进行统计和比较。结果:通过对预防接种的儿童及家长实施心理干预及健康教育,两组儿童接种后发生不良反应的例数比较差异(χ2=4.59,P<0.05);接种过程中疼痛程度比较差异(χ2=220.11,P<0.01);接种过程中恐惧程度比较差异(χ2=53.6,P<0.01);均具有统计学意义,且干预组均优于对照组。结论:应用最广泛、最安全、最有效、最经济的有针对性地干预措施和健康教育方法,充分发挥预防接种在疾病预防和健康促进中的价值,海宁市农村儿童得到良好的免疫预防效果,有效地减少了预防接种不良反应的发生,有效地控制了相应传染病的流行,取得较好的社会效益。
Objective: To observe the effect of preventive measures, psychological intervention and health education in vaccination, and to fully implement the national immunization plan. Methods: A total of 360 children were enrolled in the vaccination. They were randomly divided into intervention group and control group with 180 cases each. During the inoculation process, the control group took the conventional treatment measures, and the intervention group strengthened the implementation of psychological intervention and health education. Two groups of children after vaccination adverse reactions, the degree of pain and fear of statistics and comparison. Results: Through psychological intervention and health education for vaccinated children and parents, there were significant differences in the number of adverse reactions after vaccination between the two groups (χ2 = 4.59, P <0.05) 220.11, P <0.01). There was significant difference in the degree of fear during inoculation (χ2 = 53.6, P <0.01), both of which were statistically significant, and the intervention group was better than the control group. Conclusion: The most widely used, safest, most effective and most economical targeted interventions and health education methods, give full play to the value of vaccination in disease prevention and health promotion, Haining rural children receive good immunoprophylaxis , Effectively reducing the incidence of adverse reactions to vaccination, effectively controlling the prevalence of the corresponding infectious diseases and achieving better social benefits.