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我们所倡导的素质教育,其价值追求应该是后马克思时代的“个性全面发展”。而“个性”教育观的根本目的应该是实现由重知识传授向重能力培养和素质养成转变,真正确立学生在教学中的主体地位,调动学生学习的主动性和积极性,培养创造能力,促进个性发展。根据人的心理和认知发展的规律、现行的年级制以及小学、中学、大学设置机制,笔者认为,应建立起“玩学”、“做学”、“研学”的学校教学新模式。一、玩学“玩学”,即在“玩”的过程中学习,通过“玩”达到学的目的、“玩”即活动、游戏。“玩学”就是建立以活动（或游戏）为主要载体,围绕教学目标组织教学,实现知识目标与活动相融合的一种教学模式。“玩学”是符合于小学阶段和初中阶段的教学模式。它一般应由下列四个主要环节组成:目标确定、小组活动、集体讨论、实践巩固。“目标确定”即确定教学目标。这是“玩学”活动的出发点,主要由教师根据教学内容来确定。确定教学目标必须考虑到学生现有的活动条件、活动能力等因素,必要时教师要备好活动方案,引导学生活动。“小组活动”即学生根据“目标”,确定活动方案,开展形式多样的活动或游
The quality education that we advocate, its value pursuit should be the “personality all-round development” in the post-Marx era. The basic purpose of “individuality” education should be to realize the transformation from heavy knowledge to heavy ability cultivation and quality development, to truly establish the students’ dominant position in teaching, to arouse the initiative and enthusiasm of students to learn, to cultivate creativity and promote Personal development. According to the laws of human psychology and cognitive development, the existing grade system and the mechanism of setting primary, secondary and university, the author thinks that we should establish a new school teaching mode of “play school”, “do study” and “research”. First, play learning “play learning”, that is, “play” in the process of learning, through the “play” to achieve the purpose of learning, “play” that activities, games. “Learning to play” is to establish a teaching mode in which activities (or games) as the main carrier, organize teaching around the teaching objectives and achieve the integration of knowledge goals and activities. Learning to play is in line with the teaching mode of elementary and junior high school. It generally consists of the following four main components: goal determination, group activities, group discussion, practice consolidation. “Goals to determine” that is to determine the teaching objectives. This is the starting point of “play school” activities, mainly by the teachers to determine the content of the teaching. To determine the teaching objectives must take into account the existing student activities, activities and other factors, when necessary, teachers should prepare activities programs to guide student activities. “Group Activities” means that students determine the program of activities according to the “target” and carry out various activities or tours