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农业是国民经济的重要部门。在传统社会它是一个支柱产业。因农业有自然再生产和经济再生产双重特点，农业发展必然要受自然、经济、社会等多重因素的影响。本文以诱发技术发明与制度创新理论为基点，通过对中外农业发展历史的分析，探讨了资源、技术、制度与文化在农业发展中的作用及其相互关系，指出：孤立、静止地研究农业进化是片面的，长期、动态的农业发展取决于一个经济中的内源性动力，这些 动力由上述多种因素的矛盾运动构成并决定一国农业的发展方向。
Agriculture is an important part of the national economy. It is a pillar industry in traditional society. Because agriculture has the dual characteristics of natural reproduction and economic reproduction, the development of agriculture inevitably needs to be influenced by multiple factors such as nature, economy and society. Based on the theory of induced invention of technology and innovation of system, this paper discusses the role and relationship of resources, technology, institution and culture in the development of agriculture through the analysis of the history of agricultural development both at home and abroad. It points out that the agricultural evolution One-sided, long-term and dynamic agricultural development depends on the endogenous motivation in an economy that is constituted by the contradictory movements of the above-mentioned various factors and determines the development direction of agriculture in a country.