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俄罗斯外债由两部分构成,其一是独立之初继承的苏联巨额外债,其二是为完成经济转轨目标和弥补预算赤字举借的大笔新债。经过多年的债务管理,俄罗斯各项外债指标不断趋于优化。总体而言,俄罗斯巨额外债形成的根本原因是经济结构性问题,俄外债管理方式的变化反映了其对外战略从强调国内政治经济目标向大国地位诉求的转换轨迹。从现今情况看,俄罗斯国家外债负担越来越轻,而且外债与经济的良性互动作用开始显现,但银行和公司债务的快速增长应引起重视。
Russia’s foreign debt is composed of two parts, one is the huge Soviet foreign debt inherited at the time of independence, and the other is the large amount of new debts borrowed to accomplish the objectives of economic transition and to make up for the budget deficit. After years of debt management, the indicators of various external debt in Russia continue to be optimized. Overall, the root cause of the huge foreign debt in Russia is the structural problem of the economy. The changes in the management style of foreign debt in Russia reflect the conversion path of its foreign strategy from emphasizing domestic political and economic goals to demands of big powers. From the current situation, the burden of the foreign debt of the Russian state is getting lighter and lighter, and the benign interaction between the foreign debt and the economy is starting to emerge. However, the rapid growth of the debt of banks and corporations deserves our attention.