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1概述据统计,截至2011年6月底,全国机动车总保有量达2.17亿辆,其中,汽车9 846万辆,摩托车1.02亿辆;今年上半年,全国新增机动车1 005万辆,其中,汽车保有量增加760万辆,高于去年上半年688万辆的增量。数据显示,北京、深圳、上海、成都、天津等11个城市汽车保有量超过100万辆,其中,北京达到464万辆。另据《中国机动车污染防治年报(2010)》统计可知,如图1所示,2009年,全国机动车排放污染物5 143.3万t,其中一氧化碳(CO)4 018.8万t,碳氢化合物(HC)482.2万t,氮氧化物(NOx)583.3万t,颗粒物(PM)59.0万t,以上数据表明,对机动车排放污染物的监控与防治,已到刻不容缓的地步。
1 Overview According to statistics, as of the end of June 2011, the total number of motor vehicles in the country reached 217 million, of which 94.86 million were automobiles and 102 million were motorcycles. In the first half of this year, 10.05 million new motor vehicles were added nationwide, Among them, the car ownership increased 7.6 million units, higher than the increase of 6.88 million units in the first half of last year. Data show that Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Chengdu, Tianjin and other cities in 11 cities more than 1 million vehicles, of which 4.64 million in Beijing. According to the statistics of “2010 Annual Report of China’s Motor Vehicle Pollution Prevention”, as shown in Figure 1, in 2009, the total number of pollutants discharged by motor vehicles in the country was 51.443 million tons, of which 40.818 million tons were carbon monoxide (CO) HC), 4.222 million tons, 58.33 million tons of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and 590,000 tons of particulate matter (PM). These data show that it is an urgent task to monitor and prevent pollutants discharged from motor vehicles.