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目的了解四川省江油市在校学生结核病知晓情况,为今后学校结核病健康促进策略的制定提供科学依据。方法在江油市采用多阶段随机抽样的方法抽取11所学校的2200名在校学生,对他们在健康教育干预前后进行问卷调查。结果健康教育干预实施前后学生总知晓率从46.2%(4 886/10 580)到50.9%(5 384/10 580),差异有统计学意义(χ2=46.92,P<0.05)。在健康教育干预后农村学生和城镇学生的结核病知识总体知晓率,分别为67.0%(2 799/4180)和76.8%(3 210/4 180),差异有统计学意义(χ2=99.96,P<0.05)。有关“治疗时间和治愈率”和“免费政策”信息知晓率较低为44.8%和38.4%。学生获取结核病防治核心信息渠道主要依赖人际传播为76.6%,而学校健康教育渠道最低为25.0%。结论江油市在校学生对结核病知识知晓率总体较低,干预后农村学生结核病防治知识知晓率不如城镇学生提高显著,且结核病核心信息获取渠道狭窄。
Objective To understand the TB knowledge among school-based students in Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the future development of tuberculosis health promotion strategy. Methods A total of 2,200 school-based students in 11 schools were recruited in Jiangyou City using a multi-stage random sampling method. Questionnaires were conducted before and after health education interventions. Results The total awareness rate of students before and after the implementation of health education intervention was 46.2% (4886/10 580) to 50.9% (5 384/10 580). The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 46.92, P <0.05). The overall awareness rate of TB knowledge among rural students and urban students after intervention of health education was 67.0% (2 799/4180) and 76.8% (3 210/4 180 respectively), with significant difference (χ2 = 99.96, P < 0.05). Information on “treatment time and cure rates” and “free policies” was lower at 44.8% and 38.4%. The core channel of access to TB prevention and control for students mainly relies on interpersonal communication as 76.6%, while the minimum channel for school health education is 25.0%. Conclusion The awareness rate of TB students in Jiangyou City is generally low. The awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control among rural students is not as significant as that of urban students after intervention, and the access to core information of TB is narrow.