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目的 分析云南省居民区室内蚤类及其宿主动物的关系。方法 2009-2013年,对云南省5个不同动物地理小区内43个县(市、区)的山地及坝区居民区室内,采用笼夜法捕获鼠形动物,并收集体表寄生蚤。利用Levins生态位宽度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数公式,测定动物地理小区蚤类的宿主生态位和蚤类及其宿主的多样性指数。结果 共采获蚤类5科11属13种1 925匹,宿主动物3目5科10属14种1 582只。在13种蚤中,绒鼠怪蚤、野韧棒蚤、猫栉首蚤和缓慢细蚤的寄主生态位宽度较高,分别为0.252 5、0.252 5、0.252 3和0.202 3。14种宿主动物中,寄生蚤多样性指数以大足鼠最高(1.517 9),其次为小家鼠(1.352 2)和褐家鼠(1.116 6)。各动物地理小区居民区室内蚤类多样性为Ⅰ,横断山中部小区>Ⅴ,滇南山地小区>Ⅲ,滇东高原小区>Ⅱ,横断山南部小区>Ⅳ,滇西高原小区;宿主动物多样性指数为Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅴ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ。结论 蚤类多样性与宿主动物多样性、丰富度和密度的关系不密切;蚤类的寄主生态位宽度能一定程度反映蚤类成虫对宿主动物选择的特异性关系。
Objective To analyze the relationship between indoor fleas and their host animals in residential areas in Yunnan Province. Methods From 2009 to 2013, in the mountainous and dam residential areas in 43 counties (cities and districts) of 5 different animal geographical areas in Yunnan Province, the cage-night method was used to capture the mouse-shaped animals and collect the surface parasitic fleas. Based on Levins niche breadth and Shannon-Wiener index, the diversity indices of host niches and fleas and their hosts in fleas were determined. Results A total of 1 925 horses belonging to 11 genera, 5 families and 11 families, were collected from 3 families, 5 families, 10 genera and 14 species, 1 582. Among the 13 species of fleas, the host niche breadths were higher for the monogamous flea, the venomous flea, the cat’s first fleet and the slow flea, which were 0.252 5,0.252 5,0.252 3 and 0.202 respectively. 3.14 species of host animals Among them, Daphnia magna was the highest (1.517 9), followed by Mus musculus (1.352 2) and Rattus norvegicus (1.116 6). The diversity of indoor fleas in residential areas of each animal geographic district was Ⅰ, Ⅴ in central part of Hengduan Mountains, 小Ⅲ in mountainous areas in southern Yunnan, 小 Ⅱ in eastern Yunnan Plateau, 南 Ⅳ in southern Hengduan Mountains, Ⅳ in western Yunnan Plateau, and diverse in host animals Sex index is Ⅰ> Ⅲ> Ⅴ> Ⅱ> Ⅳ. Conclusion The diversity of fleas is not closely related to the diversity, abundance and density of host animals. The host niche breadth of fleas can reflect the specific relationship between fleas adults and host animals.