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采用离子交换色谱分离技术将辽河油田杜 -84稠油按化学官能团分为酸性分、碱性分、两性分和中性分 ,同时按极性分离得到胶质和沥青质组分。用元素分析、红外光谱、相对分子质量及酸碱值测定等手段对各组分进行了分析鉴定。又测定了各组分模拟油溶液的油水界面粘度 (IFV) ,考察了油相芳香度、水相 p H值等因素对油水界面粘度的影响。结果表明 ,酸性分和碱性分具有较高的油水界面粘度 ,尤其在水相碱性条件下 ,酸性分的油水界面粘度最高 (p H=1 2时达 0 .1 2 m N· s/m) ,两性分和中性分的油水界面粘度较低 ;沥青质的油水界面粘度明显高于胶质。酸性分的油水界面粘度一般随油相芳香度增大而增大 ,而碱性分油水界面粘度随油相芳香度增大而明显减小 ,两性分和中性分的油水界面粘度随油相芳香度的变化不大。酸性条件下 ,碱性分具有较高的油水界面粘度 ;碱性条件 (p H=1 1以上 )下 ,酸性分具有很高的油水界面粘度。水相碱性条件下稠油中的活性组分主要是官能团组分的酸性分或极性组分的沥青质。油相高芳香度和水相碱性条件有利于 O/W型超稠油乳状液的稳定。官能团组分更能揭示稠油中界面活性组分的内在本质
Ion-exchange chromatography was used to separate Dul-84 heavy oil from Liaohe Oilfield into chemical components, alkaline components, amphoteric components and neutral components according to their chemical functional groups. At the same time, the gums and asphaltene components were separated by polarity. The components were analyzed and identified by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, relative molecular mass and pH value determination. The oil-water interfacial viscosity (IFV) of each component was also measured. The effects of oil phase aroma, pH value of water phase on the viscosity of oil-water interface were investigated. The results showed that the acidic and alkaline fractions had higher oil-water interfacial viscosity, especially at the aqueous alkaline conditions, the highest oil-water interfacial viscosity was found at the acidic fraction (up to 0.12 m N · s / m). The oil-water interfacial viscosity of the amphoteric and neutral points is lower. The viscosity of asphaltene oil-water interface is obviously higher than that of the colloid. The oil-water interfacial viscosity of acid fraction generally increases with the increase of oil-air aroma, while the viscosity of the basic oil-water interfacial decreases with the increase of oil-aroma. The oil-water interfacial viscosity of amphoteric and neutral oil increases with oil phase Aromatic little change. Under acidic conditions, the alkaline fraction has a high oil-water interfacial viscosity; the acidic fraction has a high oil-water interfacial viscosity under alkaline conditions (p H = 11). The active component in heavy oil under alkaline conditions of aqueous phase is mainly the asphaltene of the acidic component or the polar component of the functional component. High oil phase aromatics and aqueous alkaline conditions favor O / W super heavy oil emulsion stability. Functional group components can better reveal the intrinsic nature of the interfacial active components in heavy oils