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文章主要介绍量子密码通信研究的历史,量子密钥生成和分发的基本原理以及相关的实验进展。首先介绍了经典密码学的基本原理及其保密方式,经典密码通信对更高安全性的追求,为量子密码通信的出现以及研究做了一个铺垫。根据量子力学中的海伯森不确定性原理,量子不可克隆原理,任何人都不可能窃听量子密码通信中的信息而不被发现。文章主要围绕BB84协议与B92协议,以及EPR佯谬的基本原理来展开讨论。在此基础之上介绍了当前世界范围内相应的实验研究及研究成果,并详细介绍了量子密码通信在国内的有关实验及研究成果。最后展望了量子密码通信的发展前景和今后的发展方向。
The article mainly introduces the history of quantum cryptography communication, the basic principle of quantum key generation and distribution, and related experimental progress. First of all, the basic principles of classical cryptography and its security methods are introduced. The pursuit of higher security of classical cryptography is introduced, which paves the way for the appearance and research of quantum cryptography. According to the theory of quantum Heidelberg uncertainty in quantum mechanics, quantum unclonable principle, no one can eavesdrop on the information in quantum cryptography without being found. The article mainly discusses the basic principles of the BB84 protocol and the B92 protocol, as well as the EPR paradox. On this basis, the corresponding experimental research and research results in the world are introduced, and the relevant experiments and research results of quantum cryptography in China are introduced in detail. Finally, the prospects of the development of quantum cryptography and future development are also forecasted.