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为探讨不同的授粉方法对设施番茄坐果率、单果质量和品质的影响,在番茄开花期分别采用自然授粉法、激素处理法、蜜蜂授粉法、机械振荡授粉法和熊蜂授粉法等5种方法进行授粉处理,测定了番茄坐果率、结果数量、单果质量、畸形果率和品质性状,比较不同授粉方式下番茄果实生长发育的差异,以期为设施番茄生产者选择适宜的授粉方法提供参考依据。结果表明:在同一穗位不同授粉方法对各穗坐果率均有显著影响,熊蜂授粉、蜜蜂授粉、机械振荡授粉和激素处理4种方法分别比自然授粉的坐果率提高25.46%、23.18%、19.62%和11.42%。不同辅助授粉方法能够有效增加番茄结果数量,各果穗上的表现为熊蜂授粉法>蜜蜂授粉法>机械振荡法>激素处理法>CK。熊蜂授粉番茄4~5穗果后期平均单果质量比其它处理及对照提高5.9%~11.8%,而且4种授粉方法番茄1~5穗果的畸形果率比自然授粉法降低9.14~47.00个百分点。各授粉方法的综合效果为熊蜂授粉法>机械振荡授粉法>蜜蜂授粉法>激素处理法>自然授粉法。为使设施番茄栽培达到优质高效的目的,并降低成本投入,推荐使用熊蜂授粉法。
In order to investigate the effects of different pollination methods on fruit setting rate, single fruit quality and quality of tomato plants, five methods of natural pollination, hormone treatment, bee pollination, mechanical vibration pollination and bumble bee pollination Pollination treatments were used to determine the fruit setting rate, number of fruit, fruit quality, fruit rate and quality traits. The differences of growth and development of tomato fruit under different pollination methods were compared in order to provide references for selecting suitable pollination methods for facility tomato producers. The results showed that different pollination methods at the same ear had significant effects on the fruit setting rate of each ear. The results showed that the fruit setting rate of each method was 25.46%, 23.18% and 19.62% higher than that of natural pollination respectively by the methods of bee pollination, bee pollination, mechanical vibration pollination and hormone treatment % And 11.42%. Different assisted pollination methods can effectively increase the number of tomato results, the performance of each ear on the bee pollination> bee pollination> mechanical oscillation method> hormone treatment> CK. The average single fruit weight of 4 ~ 5 ears of bumblebee after pollination increased by 5.9% ~ 11.8% compared with other treatments and control, and the frequency of deformed fruit of 1 ~ 5 ears of 4 pollination methods decreased 9.14 ~ 47.00% than that of natural pollination. The overall effect of the pollination method for the Bumblebee pollination> mechanical vibration pollination> bee pollination> hormone treatment> natural pollination method. To achieve high quality and efficient tomato cultivation facilities, and reduce costs, it is recommended to use the Bumblebee pollination method.