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随着新生儿足跟血筛查在全国范围内的普及，筛查标准的变化以及早产儿存活率的提升，新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减退症的发病率逐年升高。在这些患儿中，一部分是需要终生服药来维持正常甲状腺功能，称之为持续性甲状腺功能减退症，另一部分则不需要，称之为暂时性甲状腺功能减退症。引起暂时性甲状腺功能减退的原因包括碘缺乏、母亲体内存在促甲状腺素受体阻断等抗体、母亲服用抗甲状腺药物、母亲或新生儿碘暴露、早产、新生儿期肝血管瘤等。该文围绕暂时性甲状腺功能减退症的病因及患儿的管理等方面进行阐述，归纳出几个暂时性甲状腺功能减退症的预测指标。“,”With the nationwide popularization of neonatal heel blood screening, and the change of screening standards and the improvement of premature infant survival rate, the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns has been increasing year by year.Some of these children need to take medication for all lifetime to maintain normal thyroid function, this is called persistent congenital hypothyroidism, while others don′t, is called transient congenital hypothyroidism.Causes of transient hypothyroidism include iodine deficiency, maternal thyrotrophin receptor blocker antibodies, maternal antithyroid medication, maternal or neonatal iodine exposure, premature delivery, and neonatal hepatic hemangioma.In this review, the author describes the etiology and management of children with transient hypothyroidism, meanwhile summarize several predictors of transient hypothyroidism.