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马克思主义认为,物质资料的生产和再生产是人类社会存在的基础,生产力的发展是社会发展和变革的决定性力量。所以,马克思主义者历来根据生产力的发展要求研究社会变革的规律,预断人类的美好前景。这是历史唯物主义的基本观点。我们应进一步思考,生产力发展的标志、动因是什么,如何促进先进生产力的发展。这里最关键的一个因素是科技的发展。马克思曾经指出,科学技术是最具有革命性意义的力量,比任何阶级的力量都要强大得多。1978年邓小平指出科学技术是生产力,经济社会的发展要依靠科学技术的进步和劳动者素质的提高;1988年他又强调科学技术是第一生产力,并在这前后为我国提出了科教兴国战略。这是对马克思主义的新发展。从历史上看,随着社会的文明进步,科技在生产力发展和社会变革中的作用越来越大,而且它的影响是全面的、深刻的。无论哪一种社会制度,如果不重视科学技术和科技工作者的作用,就不会发挥出优越性。所以,从科技发展的视角研究社会制度嬗变、社会进步的规律,研究执政党如何真正代表先进生产力的发展要求,是很有意义的。
Marxism holds that the production and reproduction of material data is the foundation for the existence of human society. The development of productive forces is the decisive force for social development and change. Therefore, according to the requirements of the development of productive forces, Marxists have always studied the law of social change and predicted the bright future of mankind. This is the basic view of historical materialism. We should think further about the signs of the development of the productive forces, what motivators are and how to promote the development of advanced productive forces. One of the most crucial factors here is the development of science and technology. Marx once pointed out that science and technology are the most revolutionary forces and are much stronger than the power of any class. In 1978, Deng Xiaoping pointed out that science and technology are productive forces. Economic and social development depends on the progress of science and technology and the improvement of the quality of workers. In 1988, he emphasized that science and technology were the primary productive forces and proposed the strategy of rejuvenating our country through science and education. This is a new development of Marxism. Historically, with the progress of civilization in society, science and technology have played a more and more important role in the development of productive forces and social transformation. And their influence is comprehensive and profound. No matter what kind of social system, if you do not attach importance to science and technology and the role of science and technology workers, they will not play a superiority. Therefore, it is significant to study the evolution of social system and social progress from the perspective of technological development and to study how the ruling party truly represents the development requirements of advanced productive forces.