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在数据采集的各个阶段,地震信号都受到不同类型噪声的干扰。这些噪声可分为四种基本类型: 仪器噪声; 震源产生的规则噪声; 电磁感应噪声; 文明噪声。由于数据中的振幅和相位信息只有在有利的信噪比条件下才可用于度量岩性,因此,信噪比已成为一种关键的因素。在发展数据采集系统时需要新的手段,即: 在日常工作中连续监控各数据道的信噪比; 估价震源产生的规则噪声的主频和速度,从而修正野外工作参数以取得最佳的信噪比; 利用特殊的,优于标准陷波器与共模滤波器的线路,抑制电磁感应; 用算法降低文明噪声引起的数据恶化; 提供更加接近于最终产品的数据监控器; 定量评价每个总记录道的保真度。这样,可以向地球物理学家提供一套更加完整的数据,由之可以确定出最佳采集与处理参数。
At various stages of data collection, seismic signals are disturbed by different types of noise. The noise can be divided into four basic types: instrument noise; regular noise generated by the source; electromagnetic induction noise; civilized noise. Since the amplitude and phase information in the data can only be used to measure lithology under favorable signal-to-noise conditions, signal-to-noise ratio has become a key factor. New means are needed in the development of data acquisition systems, namely continuous monitoring of the signal-to-noise ratio of each data track in daily work, estimation of the dominant frequency and speed of regular noise generated by a source, and correction of field work parameters in order to obtain the best signal Noise ratio; use of special, better than the standard notch filter and common-mode filter lines, inhibition of electromagnetic induction; algorithm to reduce civilized noise caused by data degradation; provide closer to the final product data monitor; quantitative evaluation of each total Record the fidelity of the track. In this way, geophysicists can be provided with a more complete set of data from which the best acquisition and processing parameters can be determined.