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滞育现象在多种小蜂类天敌昆虫中存在,通过研究小蜂滞育技术,可实现蜂种的长期贮存、延长防控作用时间、提高产品的抗逆性,对小蜂工厂化生产及应用具有重要意义。本文在分析国内外小蜂总科昆虫滞育文献的基础上,总结了已开展滞育研究的69种小蜂类昆虫的滞育虫态、滞育持续期、主要诱导因子以及亲代效应等,分属小蜂科、赤眼蜂科、姬小蜂科、跳小蜂科、金小蜂科、蚜小蜂科、旋小蜂、长尾小蜂科、广肩小蜂、四节小蜂科10科。小蜂多以幼虫或预蛹滞育,其滞育敏感阶段因种不同而异。滞育持续期相对较长,大多可维持数月。一种寄生麦红吸浆虫的金小蜂Macroglenes penetrans在2.5℃的土壤中,其滞育持续期可达16个月。低温、短日照和寄主是影响多数小蜂滞育的主要因子;但也有少数小蜂进行夏滞育,如普金姬小蜂Chrysocharis pubicornis、Aphelinus flavus、车轴草广肩小蜂Bruchophagus platypterus等。另外,亲代也可对小蜂滞育产生一定影响。目前,对小蜂滞育后发育生物学评价的研究报道较少,尚待进一步探索研究。
Diapause phenomenon exists in many kinds of small insects natural enemies insects, through the study of small honey bee diapause technology, long-term storage of bee species can be achieved, extend the time of prevention and control, improve the product’s resistance, the small bee factory production and Application is of great importance. Based on the analysis of the literature on diapause of the insects in domestic and foreign common beetles, this paper summarizes the diapause status, diapause duration, main inducing factors and parental effects of 69 species of insects that have conducted diapause studies. Belong to the family of small bee, Trichogramma family, Ji small bee family, jump small bee family, the small golden bee family, aphid bee family, spinous bee, long tail small bee family, Section 10 subjects. Little bee larvae or pre-pupal diapause, the diapause sensitive stage varies by species. Diabale duration is relatively long, mostly for several months. Macroglenes penetrans, a parasitized wheat midges, has a diapause duration of up to 16 months in 2.5 ° C soils. Cold temperature, short daylight and host were the main factors affecting the diapause of most wasps. However, there were also a few bees for diapause, such as Chrysocharis pubicornis, Aphelinus flavus and Bruchophagus platypterus. In addition, parental diapause may also have some impact. At present, there are few reports on the developmental biology evaluation of diagons after the diapause, which is yet to be further explored.