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旨在为形而上学重新奠基的康德所面临的严峻挑战来自休谟彻底的经验主义。康德所开辟的先验路径可谓是前无古人 :从“我思”命题入手 ,通过区分“未定知觉”与“已定知觉” ,先验地消解“自我实体” ;并抓住逻辑说明与玄学规定的区别揭示出理性心理学循环论证的背谬 ,他证明 ,“我思”绝不包含“我为实体” ,“我”仅仅是思维之所以可能的“先验形式”。作为伴随一切概念的原始统觉的“先验自我”第一次被如此确立起来 ,对象的存在与知识的普遍必然性由此而获得一种新的牢固基础 ,“哥白尼革命”的支点正在于此
Kant, which aims to re-establish its metaphysics, faces the harsh challenge of Hume’s radical empiricism. The transcendental path pioneered by Kant can be described as unprecedented: starting with the proposition “I think”, digesting “self-entity” a priori by distinguishing between “undetermined consciousness” and “determined consciousness”; and grasping the logic description and metaphysical stipulation The difference reveals the fallacy of the rationale of rational psychology. He proves that “I think” never contains “I am an entity,” and “I” is merely a “transcendental form” of thinking. For the first time, the “transcendental ego,” which accompanied the original perception of all concepts, was so established that the existence of objects and the general inevitability of knowledge gained a new solid foundation upon which the fulcrum of the “Copernican revolution” was taking place Here