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即兴曲是浪漫派时期出现的一种新的器乐曲体裁形式,始创于舒伯特。即兴曲并没有明显的体裁特征,一般指作曲家在没有预先构思的情况下,即兴发挥创作的一种乐曲。但即兴创作不等于自由、无规则,相反在曲式结构、和声运用等方面都比较严谨,尤其是肖邦的即兴曲(包括其他作品)既有浪漫主义音乐所特有的丰富和大胆,又有古典主义的严整逻辑性与深刻的艺术根据。肖邦共创作了4首即兴曲,《#c小调幻想即兴曲》是人们最喜爱和熟悉的一首,也是音乐会上常演奏的曲目之一。乐曲采用了复三部曲式结构,一开始有4小节引子,前两小节是#G-#g的八度两个属音延续了4拍,演奏时可在弹下八度之前踩下右踏板,用sforzato(突强) 力度。这两个属音静中有动,像积聚了充分的力量,很快引出#c小调主和弦——一种六连音滚动式的分解和弦。这种伴奏音型基本贯穿了整个乐曲,演奏触键要深,旋律要连贯.用手腕上下带动,音色要饱满,但又要轻盈流动。A部主题句4小节,旋律是十六分音符的快速走句,与左手六连音构成的伴奏和声音型形成复合节奏。(见例1) (谱例1)
Impromptu is a new form of instrumental genre that emerged in the romantic period and was founded by Schubert. Impromptu does not have obvious genre characteristics, generally refers to the composer without preconceived case, improvisation to play a composition. However, improvisation is not equal to freedom and irregularity. On the contrary, it is more rigorous in terms of the structure of music and the application of harmony. In particular, the improvisation of Chopin (including other works) is both rich and daring, which is unique to romantic music. The strict logic and profound art of classicism. Chopin co-created four improvisations, “# c minor fantasies improvisation” is one of the most loved and familiar one, but also one of the often played at the concert. The music uses a complex trilogy structure, beginning with 4 bar references, the first two quarters are # G- # g octave two genres continued 4 beats, playing down before the octave hit right Pedal, with sforzato (sudden strong) intensity. The two genitives move in silence, accumulating enough force to quickly lead to the #c minor main chord - a six-note rolling decomposition chord. This accompaniment pattern basically runs through the entire music, play the touch to deep, melody to be consistent.With the wrist up and down, the tone should be full, but also to light flow. Section A, Topic 4, Melody is a fast walk of a sixteenth note that forms a composite rhythm with accompaniment and sound patterns formed by the left-handed six-note. (See Example 1) (Spectrum 1)