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目的分析河北省辛集市2010—2013年手足口病疫情的流行特征,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对辛集市2010—2013年手足口病发病情况和病原学检测情况进行分析。结果 2010—2013年辛集市累计报告手足口病病例1 840例,年均发病率为73.15/10万,重症9例,无死亡病例。主要集中在0~5岁儿童,占总病例数的92.83%(1 708/1 840);<5岁组发病率为922.50/10万,≥5岁组为5.66/10万(P<0.01)。男性发病率为89.30/10万,高于女性的56.71/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=91.41,P<0.01)。各年发病率分别为101.51/10万、99.85/10万、57.47/10万、33.21/10万。全市15个乡镇均有发病,辛集镇年均报告发病率为128/10万,高于其余14个乡镇的57.35/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=298.24,P<0.01)。职业分布以散居儿童(77.28%)和幼托儿童(20.11%)为主,发病高峰为5—11月。实验室确诊占报告病例的6.36%(117/1 840),样本检测阳性率为41.05%(117/285)。结论 2010—2013年辛集市手足口病疫情呈现下降趋势,发病有明显的季节性、性别、年龄特征,继续加强疫情监测,有针对性落实重点季节,重点地区、重点人群、重点环节防控措施是防控手足口疫情的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Xinji City, Hebei Province from 2010 to 2013 and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of HFMD and pathogen detection in Xinji from 2010 to 2013. Results A total of 1 840 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in Xinji City from 2010 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 73.15 / lakh, 9 severe cases and no deaths. Mainly in children aged 0-5 years, accounting for 92.83% (1 708/1 840) of the total number of cases; the incidence rate was 922.50 / 100000 in the 5-year-old group and 5.66 / 100000 in the 5-year-old group (P <0.01) . The incidence of males was 89.30 per 100 000, higher than that of females 56.71 / 100 000, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 91.41, P <0.01). The incidence rates of each year were 101.51 / 100000, 99.85 / 100000, 57.47 / 100000, 33.21 / 100000 respectively. The incidence of 15 villages and towns in the city was affected. The annual average incidence of Xinji was 128 / 100,000, which was higher than 57.35 / 100,000 in the remaining 14 villages (χ2 = 298.24, P <0.01). The occupational distribution is dominated by diaspora (77.28%) and kindergarten children (20.11%), with a peak onset of 5-11 months. Laboratory diagnosis accounted for 6.36% (117/1 840) of the reported cases, the positive rate of sample detection was 41.05% (117/285). Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFMD in Xinji City during 2010-2013 showed a downward trend. The incidence of seasonal HFMD was significantly lower than that of the previous year (P0.05). The incidence of seasonal HFMD was significantly lower than that of the previous year It is the key to preventing hand-foot-mouth epidemic.