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目的研究孕鼠叶酸缺乏对幼鼠肺发育的影响及幼鼠SP-A基因表达的变化,探讨孕鼠叶酸缺乏引起幼鼠肺发育障碍的发病机制。方法成熟雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠36只随机分为实验组和对照组(各18只),分别喂以缺乏叶酸和添加叶酸的纯合饲料。2周后与雄性大鼠交配,分别于生后1、7、14 d留取幼鼠肺组织标本。苏木精-伊红染色观察肺组织病理改变,免疫组化检测肺组织SP-A蛋白表达,实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测SP-A mRNA表达。结果与对照组比较,实验组幼鼠肺组织结构紊乱。实验组幼鼠SP-A阳性的Ⅱ型细胞免疫组化染色平均光密度从第1天到第14天逐渐减少,与对照组第1天至第14天比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RT-PCR检测表明实验组幼鼠SP-A mRNA从第1天到第14天逐渐减少,与对照组第1天至第14天比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕期叶酸缺乏能影响新生大鼠肺组织SP-A的表达,从而可能导致肺成熟障碍。
Objective To study the effects of folic acid deficiency on the lung development of young rats and the expression of SP-A gene in young rats, and to explore the pathogenesis of lung dysplasia in young rats caused by folic acid deficiency in pregnant rats. Methods Thirty-six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (18 rats each), fed with pure diet without folic acid and folic acid respectively. Mice were mated with male rats after 2 weeks, and lung tissue samples were taken from young rats at 1, 7 and 14 days after birth. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, the expression of SP-A protein in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of SP-A mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the experimental group of young rats lung tissue disorders. The average optical density of SP-A positive type Ⅱ cells in experimental group decreased gradually from day 1 to day 14, and there was significant difference between day 1 and day 14 in control group (P <0.05 ). The results of RT-PCR showed that the SP-A mRNA of young rats in experimental group decreased gradually from day 1 to day 14, and there was significant difference between day 1 and day 14 in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy can affect the expression of SP-A in the lungs of neonatal rats, which may lead to lung dysfunction.