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目的了解柴油机尾气对作业工人外周血白细胞的影响。方法采用血细胞自动分析计数和流式细胞分析法,对某柴油机生产企业接触柴油机尾气的46名作业人员(接触组)进行白细胞分类计数和淋巴细胞亚群检测,并与同一地区自来水生产厂等3家企业43名作业人员(对照组)比较。结果两组白细胞总数无明显差异,在分类计数中,接触组中性粒细胞比率[(53.4±8.4)%]低于对照组[(58.0±8.0)%],且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),淋巴细胞比率[(38.3±7.9)%]高于对照组[(33.9±7.3)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);接触组CD3+细胞、CD4+细胞和B细胞绝对数分别为(2 211.0±624.3)×106/L,(1 232.6±372.0)×106/L,(419.3±172.7)×106/L,均高于对照组(1 869±540.6)×106/L,(1 007.4±316.7)×106/L,(353.2±172.5)×106/L,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论职业接触柴油机尾气可能刺激机体产生免疫反应,其产生机制和相关病理效应需要做进一步的研究。
Objective To understand the effects of diesel exhaust on peripheral blood leucocytes in workers. Methods Using automatic counting of blood cells and flow cytometry, white blood cell count and lymphocyte subsets of 46 workers (contact group) exposed to diesel engine exhaust of a diesel engine manufacturer were detected and compared with those of the tap water factory in the same area 43 home workers (control group) comparison. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in the total number of leukocytes. In classification and counting, the neutrophil ratio in contact group [(53.4 ± 8.4)%] was lower than that in control group [(58.0 ± 8.0)%], and the difference was statistically significant (P (P <0.01). The percentage of lymphocyte in the contact group [(38.3 ± 7.9)%] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(33.9 ± 7.3)%] (2 211.0 ± 624.3) × 106 / L, (1 232.6 ± 372.0) × 106 / L and (419.3 ± 172.7) × 106 / L, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (1 869 ± 540.6) × 106 / L , (1007.4 ± 316.7) × 106 / L and (353.2 ± 172.5) × 106 / L, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01 or P <0.05). Conclusion Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust may stimulate the body to produce an immune response. The mechanism of its production and related pathological effects need to be further studied.