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国际法观念是国际关系格局与国际关系中行为体自身状况互构的心理映射,是国际政治结构、国际法形势与行为体自身思想与行动的共同作用的结果。当代中国的国际法观念,表现在中国国际法的理论研究和各实践环节,最终形成心理的认知和判断。中国对国际法持敬而远之的态度,具体表现为国际法对中国的负反馈和中国国际法知识和能力的不足。这是一个历史叠加的产物,是中国在1840年以后所面临的国际关系状态、国际法特点与中国所处的具体环境、具体问题相互构建的结果。此种观念由国际法自身大国强权与中国近代落后的经济、政治、文化环境所共同决定,这不仅与国际法、国际关系的主流思想有关,也与中国与国际法相遇、交往以及中国自身的文化、心理有关。回顾中国近代政治、外交、文化的发展历史,以及国际关系、国际法的发展史,不难理解,中国在这种行为体与制度的互构中,很难形成对国际法的支持和信赖。预期提升中国的国际法立场、改善中国参与国际立法、国际法实施的监督、国际司法的积极程度,则只有在双方都进行改进的基础上,才有可能形成相互正反馈。因而必须改善国际法心态,其途径则是强化中国国际法律知识积淀、增加自身的法律参与和应用能力。
The notion of international law is a psychological mapping of the reciprocal structure of the international relations and the state of the actors in international relations. It is the result of the joint action of the international political structures, the situations of international law and the actors’ own thinking and actions. The concept of international law in contemporary China is manifested in the theoretical research and practical aspects of China’s international law, which ultimately leads to the formation of psychological perceptions and judgments. China’s dispassionate attitude towards international law shows in particular the negative feedback of international law on China and the lack of knowledge and ability of Chinese international law. This is a historical product of superposition. It is the result of mutual construction of the state of international relations, the features of international law and the specific environment and specific problems China is facing after 1840. Such a concept is determined by the power of its own great Powers and the backward economic, political and cultural environment in modern China. It is not only related to the mainstream thinking of international law and international relations but also to the encounter and interaction between China and international law as well as China’s own culture and psychology related. Recalling the history of the development of politics, diplomacy and culture in modern China, as well as the history of the development of international relations and international law, it is not hard to understand that it is very difficult for China to form its support and trust in international law in this process of mutual reshuffling of actors and systems. Expected to enhance China’s position on international law, to improve China’s participation in international legislation, supervision of the implementation of international law, and the positive degree of international justice, it is only possible to form positive feedback on the basis of improvements made by both sides. Therefore, we must improve the mentality of international law by strengthening the accumulation of knowledge of international law in China and enhancing our own legal participation and application ability.