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相机分系统是“浦江一号”卫星的关键载荷之一。它在光学系统、指向摆镜以及电子学设计方面均坚持集成化、小型化的思想。整机结构紧凑,体积小,重量轻。相机光学系统选择三反离轴结构,与同轴系统相比,具有视场大、无遮拦、传函高等优点。通过光学设计合理布局,有效控制了光学系统尺寸;合理优化光学系统公差,降低了机械设计难度和装调难度;光学系统后截距对镜间距变化不敏感,在没有调焦机构时仍能满足清晰成像的要求。相机利用摆镜机构实现多目标快速指向,能在一个成像周期内对多个目标成像,反应时间短,成像效率高。摆镜指向机构采用电机+齿轮组的驱动方式;光电编码器与指向镜同轴安装,能够精确测量指向角度,对目标准确定位。在一个电子设备内集成视频成像、图像压缩及编码、遥控遥测、控温以及供配电等功能。对外采用标准的即插即用1553B接口以及小型高速Spacewire数传接口,实现了设备快速组装和测试。电路的集成化设计,减少了设备数量,进而减少了整个系统的体积、重量和功耗。卫星在轨运行以后,结合用户需求,优化在轨测试流程,卫星入轨1个月内完成了相机的全部测试和评估工作。迄今为止,相机运行正常,性能优越。该相机的研制成功及在轨稳定运行,为后续高性能轻小型相机的设计提供了有力的技术支撑。
The camera subsystem is one of the key payloads of the “Pujiang One” satellite. It insists on the idea of integration and miniaturization in the optical system, the pointing mirror and the electronics design. The whole structure is compact, small size, light weight. Camera optical system to choose three anti-off-axis structure, compared with the coaxial system, with a large field of view, no cover block, the advantages of higher communication. Through the optical design and reasonable layout, the size of the optical system is effectively controlled; the optical system tolerance is reasonably optimized, the difficulty of mechanical design and the difficulty of assembly and adjustment are reduced; the back intercept of the optical system is insensitive to the change of the mirror spacing; Imaging requirements. The camera uses a pendulum mechanism to achieve multi-target fast pointing, which can image multiple targets within one imaging cycle, with short reaction time and high imaging efficiency. The pointing mechanism of the pendulum mirror adopts the driving mode of the motor + gear set; the photoelectric encoder is installed coaxially with the pointing mirror to accurately measure the pointing angle and accurately locate the target. Integrated video imaging, image compression and encoding, remote telemetry, temperature control and power distribution in an electronic device. External use of standard plug and play 1553B interface and small high-speed Spacewire digital transmission interface, to achieve the rapid assembly and testing equipment. The circuit’s integrated design reduces the number of devices, thereby reducing the overall system size, weight and power consumption. After the orbital operation of satellites, the orbit testing process is optimized according to user needs. The satellite has completed all the testing and evaluation of the camera within one month from the orbit. So far, the camera is operating normally with superior performance. The successful development of this camera and its stable operation on the track provide powerful technical support for the design of subsequent high-performance light and small cameras.