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张哲学的一个核心思想是仁学 ,以《仁说》为代表。从胡宏问学以来 ,他一直关注、探索仁的问题。张仁学的发展和演变可分为两个阶段 :其一是从裒集旧编《希颜录》、编纂《洙泗言仁录》到修订《希颜录》为一段 ;其二是从争论观过知仁、以觉训仁、朱熹《仁说》到自作《仁说》为另一段。从《希颜录》起开始 ,至撰写《仁说》为止长达十四年之久 ,张一直开拓这个儒学核心观念 ,终于形成其独特的仁学思想。而且这一段时间是在张哲学的形成和发展过程中非常重要的一段时期。前一时期 ,他广泛搜集儒家典籍当中有关仁的孔子言说和颜子言行 ,然后取舍选择 ,确定次第 ,加点北宋理学家和他自己的见解而成的。其主要目的是让学者先了解“求仁之方” ,然后“自进于圣人之门墙”。后一时期 ,以讨论与论辩形式来检讨湖湘诸儒和朱熹有关仁的言说与观点 ,然后提出自己的仁学观点 ,以树立自己的仁学思想。本文集中讨论前一时期 ,即张早期仁学思想的形成和发展之历史过程及其意义。
One of the core ideas of Zhang philosophy is benevolence, represented by “benevolence”. Since Hu asked him to learn, he has always been concerned about and explored the issue of benevolence. The development and evolution of Zhang Yiren’s studies can be divided into two stages: one is from the collection of the old collections of “Xiyan Lu”, the compilation of “So-Zhu Siren Records” to the revision of “Xiyan Lu”; the other is Watching Jen from the controversy and learning to teach Jen, Zhu Xi’s “Ren-shu” to self-made “benevolence” as another section. Starting from “Xi Yan Lu”, up to fourteen years since he wrote “Ren Yan”, Zhang Kui has been exploiting this Confucian concept and has finally formed its unique ideology of benevolence. And this period of time is a very important period in the formation and development of Zhang Zhe’s philosophy. In the previous period, he extensively collected Confucian sayings and Yan Zi’s words and deeds about Confucian classics. Then he chose to determine the second and add the Northern Song Neo-Confucianism and his own opinions. Its main purpose is to let scholars first understand the “beg of benevolence”, then “self-made in the door of the saint.” In the latter period, the discussion and argumentation form were used to review the opinions and opinions about the benevolence between Zhulu and Zhu Xi in Hu’nan and then put forward their own benevolent views to establish their own thoughts of benevolence. This article focuses on the historical process and its significance of the formation and development of the early benevolence thought of Zhang Jian in the previous period.