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木材是一种有机体,由许多纵横排列、形状和大小都不相同的细胞所组成。细胞是中空的管状物,中空部分叫细胞腔,四围叫细胞壁。细胞用肉眼是看不见的,在显微镜下才能看得清楚。木材的细胞壁主要是由白色的纤维素(约占40～60％)和褐色的木质素(约占20～40％)所组成。两者在木材内不是处于游离状态,而是彼此化合在一起,此外,述有五炭醣及灰分等。不同的树种及一棵树上不同的部位,细胞壁主要成份的含量也不同。木材腐朽是由于受到细菌或真菌的侵害所致。破坏木材的细菌较少,危害程度也不严重,所以这里不加讨论。损害木材的真菌,一般称为木腐菌。它们的种类很多,最主要的是担子菌类的多孔菌科。真菌属于下等植
Wood is an organism composed of many cells that are arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction, and have different shapes and sizes. Cells are hollow tubes. The hollow part is called the cell cavity and is surrounded by cell walls. The cells are invisible to the naked eye and can be seen clearly under the microscope. The cell wall of wood is mainly composed of white cellulose (about 40 to 60%) and brown lignin (about 20 to 40%). The two are not in a free state in the wood, but they are combined with each other. In addition, there are five carbon sugars and ash. Different tree species and different parts of a tree, the content of the main components of the cell wall are also different. Wood decay is caused by bacteria or fungi. There are fewer bacteria that destroy wood, and the degree of damage is not serious, so it is not discussed here. Wood-damaging fungi are commonly referred to as wood rot fungi. They are of many types, the most important being the vesicular fungus Polyporaceae. The fungus belongs to the lower plant