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试验以三系杂交籼稻‘五优308’和‘天优华占’以及常规籼稻‘黄华占’为材料,在大田条件下,设置10个播期,研究田间不同温光条件对籼稻生育期天数、颖花分化和退化数的影响.结果表明:温度对3个籼稻品种生育期的影响比日照长度大,平均温度升高1℃,播种-穗分化始期天数平均减少1.5 d,而穗分化历期天数与光照和温度的关系均不密切.不同播期间每穗颖花数和颖花分化数存在显著差异.穗分化期间平均温度、最高温度和最低温度升高,有效积温增加,昼夜温差扩大,光辐射增强,有利于穗分化期干物质积累和颖花分化,各品种趋势一致.穗分化期间有效积温增加50℃,颖花分化数增加10.5朵,昼夜温差扩大1℃,颖花分化增加14.3朵,总光辐射量增加50 MJ·m~(-2),颖花分化数增加17.1朵.颖花退化率与温度呈现二次项相关,极端高温或极端低温的自然条件不利于颖花形成,但低温天气对颖花退化的影响大于高温.温度低于临界温度,颖花退化率大幅增加,穗分化期临界积温为550~600℃,日平均温度为24.0~26.0℃,日最高温度为32.0~34.0℃,日最低温度为21.0~23.0℃.适宜高温、昼夜温差大、光照辐射强的自然条件利于颖花分化,并减少颖花退化.
Under field conditions, 10 sowing dates were set up for three-line hybrid indica rice ’Wuyou 308’ and ’Tianyuhuazhan’ and conventional indica ’Huanghuazhan’. The effects of different light and temperature conditions on the number of days of developing indica rice, Spike differentiation and degeneration.The results showed that temperature had greater effects on the growth of three indica rice varieties than that of sunshine and the average temperature increased by 1 ℃ and the number of days of sowing-spike differentiation decreased by 1.5 days on average, There was a significant difference between the number of spikelets per spike and the number of spikelets per spike during different sowing dates.The mean temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature increased during spike differentiation, the effective accumulated temperature increased, the temperature difference between day and night increased, Light radiation increased, which was in favor of dry matter accumulation and spikelet differentiation during spike differentiation, with the trend of all varieties being consistent.The effective accumulated temperature during spike differentiation increased by 50 ℃, the number of spikelets increased by 10.5, the temperature difference between day and night increased by 1 ℃, and spikelet differentiation increased by 14.3 , The total light radiation increased by 50 MJ · m -2, and the number of spikelets increased by 17.1% .The degradation rate of spikelets showed quadratic correlation with temperature, and the natural conditions of extreme high temperature or extreme low temperature were not conducive to the spikelet formation , But low The weather had greater influence on the degeneration of spikelets than the high temperature.The critical temperature of spikelets was 550-600 ℃, the average daily temperature was 24.0-26.0 ℃ and the daily maximum temperature was 32.0-34.0 when the temperature was lower than the critical temperature ℃, the daily minimum temperature of 21.0 ~ 23.0 ° C. Suitable for high temperature, large temperature difference between day and night, strong natural light irradiation conducive to spike flower differentiation, and reduce spike degradation.