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目的:分析自评健康状况（SRH）与全因死亡和心血管疾病（CVD）死亡风险的关联性。方法:研究对象来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究，剔除有逻辑错误和信息缺失的个体，最终纳入512 713名研究对象。SRH在基线问卷调查时搜集，包括整体自评健康状况（GSRH）及与同龄人相比自评健康状况（ASRH）；死亡事件及原因通过链接到疾病死亡监测系统和国家医保系统获取。采用多因素校正的Cox比例风险回归模型估计SRH与全因死亡和CVD死亡的关联性。结果:在平均9.9年的随访时间里，共观测到44 065例死亡事件，其中17 648例死于CVD。与GSRH良好的人相比，GSRH较差的研究对象未来发生全因死亡及CVD死亡的风险效应（n HR）值（95%n CI）分别是1.84（1.78~1.91）和1.94（1.82~2.06）。与ASRH更好的人相比，ASRH更差的研究对象未来发生全因死亡及CVD死亡的n HR值（95%n CI）分别是1.75（1.70~1.81）和1.83（1.73~1.92）。两种SRH指标与全因死亡和CVD死亡的关联性在各个亚组分析和敏感性分析中都保持显著，且SRH越差、死亡风险越高。n 结论:SRH简单易用，SRH越差、个体未来全因死亡/CVD死亡风险越高。“,”Objective:To examine the association between self-rated health status (SRH) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Methods:A total of 512 713 adults aged 30-79 years from 10 areas of China were followed from baseline (2004-2008) until 31 December 2016 in the China Kadoorie Biobank study. Global and age-comparative SRH [general self-rated health status (GSRH) and age-comparative self-rated health status (ASRH), respectively] were asked in baseline questionnaires. Causes for mortality were monitored through linkage with established Disease Surveillance Point system and health insurance records. Multivariable Cox proportional regression models were used to estimate the n HRs and 95%n CIs for the association between SRH measures and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality.n Results:During an average of 9.9 years' follow-up, 44 065 deaths were recorded, among which 17 648 were from cardiovascular disease. Compared with excellent GSRH, the n HR(95%n CI) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with poor GSRH was 1.84(1.78-1.91) and 1.94(1.82-2.06), respectively. Relative to better ASRH, the n HR(95%n CI) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with worse ASRH was 1.75(1.70-1.81) and 1.83(1.73-1.92), respectively.n Conclusion:In this large prospective cohort study in China, participants reporting poor GSRH or worse ASRH had significantly higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.