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近十年来,微观的电解与非电解溶液理论发展迅速,不仅建立了各式各样的模型,而且理论涉及的范围也愈来愈广.这个进展一方面是由于有关分子间力的知识的增加,另一方面是由于统计力学的应用.以统计力学和概率论为运算工具处理溶液,使溶液理论从唯象向微观大大地推进了一步.目前发展的有正规溶液理论、次晶格理论、平均位能模型以及近年来发展起来的积分方程、泛函分析方法等各种近代溶液理论. 然而,以往的溶液理论一般仅考虑非极性分子势的情况,对于极性分子体系的研究则进行得很少.这主要是因为对于极性分子体系,除了溶液本身相对于气体、固体在统计力学处理上的复杂性外,还有极性分子体系的角关联导致的困难。目前,对于极性分子
In recent ten years, the theory of micro-electrolysis and non-electrolytic solution has been developed rapidly, not only a wide range of models have been established, but also the range of theories involved is getting wider and wider.On the one hand, this progress is due to the increase of knowledge about intermolecular forces , On the other hand due to the application of statistical mechanics.Using statistical mechanics and probability theory as the processing tools to deal with the solution, the solution theory has been greatly advanced from phenomenology to microscopic.At present, there are formal solution theory, sub-lattice theory, Average potential energy model, integral equation developed in recent years, functional analysis methods, etc. However, in the past, the theory of solution generally only considered the case of non-polar molecular potential, while the study of polar molecular system proceeded This is mainly due to the difficulty posed by the angular correlation of polar molecular systems in addition to the complexity of the solution in terms of statistical mechanics of the solution itself with respect to the polar molecular system. At present, for polar molecules