P-doped electrode for vanadium flow battery with high-rate capability and all-climate adaptability

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A phosphorous-doped graphite felt (PGF) is fabricated and examined as electrode for vanadium flow battery (VFB).P doping improves the electrolyte wettability of GF and induces more defect sites on its surface,resulting in significantly enhanced activity and reversibility towards VO2+/VO2+ and V2+/V3+ couples.VFB with PGF electrode demonstrates outstanding performance such as high-rate capability under 50-400mAcm-2,wide-temperature tolerance at-20 ℃-60 ℃,and excellent durability over 1000 charge-discharge cycles.These merits enable PGF a promising electrode for the next-generation VFB,which can operate at high-power and all-climate conditions.
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