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目的研究加拿大原产地在1~5年的5~9月生长的西洋参茎中人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd、Re、Rg1、Rg2、Rg3和拟人参皂苷RT5、F11的含量变化。方法采用RP-HPLC-ELSD法,Dimaonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈-水,流速1 m L·min-1,进样量10μL,ELSD载气为氮气,气体流量2.8 L·min-1,漂移管温度100℃。采用SPSS19.0统计软件对试验结果进行了主成分和系统聚类分析。结果 1年生西洋参的茎中总皂苷含量(9月总皂苷含量达到21.54 mg·g-1)呈上升趋势,2~5年生长的不同月份采收的总皂苷含量(约12 mg·g-1)以当年9月份最高;主成分分析表明:人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rd和拟人参皂苷F11是西洋参茎中的特征性皂苷成分;聚类分析方法表明:1年生长的在5月(S1)、1年生长的在7~9月(S3~S5)和2年生长的在5月(S6)采收的样品聚为第一大类,其余不同采收期的样品为第二大类。结论人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rd和拟人参皂苷F11是西洋参茎中特有的皂苷成分;1年生西洋参茎中皂苷总含量明显高于2~5年生的,从2年生在6月开始采收的样品中总皂苷含量接近,建议每年的9~10月采收当年的西洋参地上部分(茎叶)作为人参皂苷的提取植物来源。
Objective To study the content changes of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3 and ginsenoside RT5, F11 in American stems grown in Canada from May to September in 1-5 years of origin in Canada. Methods The RP-HPLC-ELSD method was used on a Dimasilil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water at a flow rate of 1 mL / Nitrogen gas, gas flow 2.8 L · min-1, drift tube temperature 100 ℃. SPSS19.0 statistical software was used to test the principal components and cluster analysis. Results The total saponin content in stems of 1-year-old American ginseng (total saponin content in September reached 21.54 mg · g-1) showed an upward trend. The total saponin content (about 12 mg · g -1 ) Was the highest in September of that year. The principal component analysis showed that ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rd and pseudo-ginsenoside F11 were the characteristic saponin components in the stems of American ginseng. Cluster analysis indicated that the growth of one year in May (S1) , Samples collected in one year from July to September (S3-S5) and two years in May (S6) were clustered into the first category, while the rest of the samples with different harvest time were the second largest category. Conclusions Ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rd and pseudo-ginsenoside F11 are the specific saponin components in the stem of American ginseng. The total saponin content of the stems of 1-year-old American ginseng is obviously higher than that of 2-5 years old. The samples collected from 2 years old in June In the content of total saponins close, it is recommended that each year from September to October harvest of American ginseng aerial parts (stems and leaves) as ginsenosides extracted plant sources.