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煤炭用作冶铁的原料和燃料,在今天已是众所周知的事了,但我国从何时开始应用这一科学技术呢?至今还无定论。从历史文献看,晋人释道安在《西域记》里曾明确记载:“屈茨北二百里有山,夜则火光,昼日但烟,人取此山石,冶此山铁,恒充三十六回用”,被人们认为是最早记载用煤冶铁的文字。但在此之后,南朝人宋范晔撰《后汉书·党锢传》中则记载有:东汉延熹九年(公元166年),河南陈留圉人夏馥被诬为党魁遭到通缉,剪须变形,逃入林虑山中(原名隆虑山,在今河南林县),”为冶家佣,亲突烟炭”。据明末清初学者顾炎武考证,这里所说的“炭”即是“石炭”。由此可以认为,河南煤炭用于冶铁的历史至少应早于东汉,而不是晋代。对于这一历史事实,新中国建立以来,在河南多处考古发掘的汉代冶铁遗址和冶铁工匠墓葬中出土的大量用煤冶铸铁的遗物,进一步提供了可靠的佐证。
It is well known today that coal is used as a raw material and fuel for iron smelting. However, as of the time when China started to apply this science and technology, it is still inconclusive. From the historical literature, the Jin people release Daoan in the “Western Regions” has been clearly recorded: “Two hundred miles north of the village have a mountain in Quetzal, the night the flames, day but smoke, people take this rock, the rule of the mountain iron, constant Thirty-six back to use ”, is considered to be the earliest record of coal iron smelting text. However, after that, Southern Song Dynasty Song Fan Ye wrote in the book entitled “Post-Han Clan Bimonthly Biography”: The Eastern Han Dynasty, Yan Xi nine years (AD 166), Henan Chen Liuli people were framed as chief party Fu was wanted, deformed, fled Into the forest into the mountains (formerly known as Long Hill, Lin County in Henan Province today), “for the rule of domestic servants, pro-sudden tobacco smoke.” According to the late Ming and early Qing scholars Gu Yanwu research, here referred to as “charcoal” is “charcoal.” From this we can believe that the history of Henan coal for ironmaking should be at least earlier than the Eastern Han Dynasty, rather than the Jin Dynasty. For this historical fact, since the founding of New China, a large number of relics unearthed from the burial sites of the Han dynasties and metallurgical artisans unearthed in several archaeological excavations in Henan further provide reliable evidence.