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清末民初严复所翻译《天演论》在知识界掀起一场以“进化论”为核心的保国救种,自强争胜的思潮。严复本人力求通过这样的一种宣传,以新的世界观影响国人,实现富强和图存救亡的理想。为实现这样一种理想,严复在翻译过程中,运用一定的翻译策略,使得进化论这一自然科学理论能够在社会变革中起到理论武器的作用。在此基础上,本文还就《天演论》的传播普及过程,运用传播学的理论作了分析,并对在大的社会变革背景下的大众心态做了阐述。简要分析了“天演论”思潮最终失败的原因,还从史学之外的角度思考了革命失败的原因,提出了若干问题,以求日后同仁在多角度解释历史的研究过程中能够有所突破。
The translation of “Evolution and Ethics” by Yen Fu in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China set off a trend of thought of “saving the nation by self-improvement” and “self-improvement” in the intellectual world with “evolutionism” as the core. Yan Fu himself sought through such a propaganda to influence the Chinese people with a new world outlook and achieve the ideal of wealth and survival. In order to realize such an ideal, Yen Fu uses some translation strategies in the process of translation, making the theory of evolution, the natural sciences, a theoretical weapon in social change. On this basis, this article also made an analysis of the popularization and spread process of “Evolution and Ethics”, using the theory of communication studies and expounded the public mentality in the context of a large social change. Briefly analyzed the reasons why “Evolution and Ethics” finally failed, and also considered the reasons of the failure of revolution from the perspective of historiography, put forward some questions so that my colleagues in the future can explain the history of multi-angle research Breakthrough.