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目的调查安徽省学生隐孢子虫感染情况、流行特点及主要临床表现,为在学生中防治隐孢子虫病的感染提供依据。方法采集安徽省各地市不同教育层次学生粪便标本共4048份,采用金胺-酚染色法和改良抗酸染色法检查隐孢子虫卵囊。结果隐孢子虫感染率为1.33%(54/4048)。幼儿、小学生、中学生和大学生隐孢子虫的感染率分别为3.15%(28/889)、0.82%(9/1098)、0.82%(9/1092)和0.83%(8/969),幼儿与其他学生相比均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。男生与女生隐孢子虫的感染率分别为1.49%(28/1880)和1.20%(26/2168),差异无显著性(P>0.05)。城、乡学生隐孢子虫检出率分别为0.75%(13/1740)和1.78%(41/2308),差异有显著性(P<0.01)。隐孢子虫感染以亚临床感染为主,主要临床表现为间断性轻度腹痛、轻度腹泻、稀便。结论安徽省学生隐孢子虫感染以幼儿多见,农村较城市多见;隐孢子虫病缺乏特异的临床表现,亚临床感染是其主要表现形式,易误诊和漏诊。
Objective To investigate the prevalence, epidemic characteristics and clinical manifestations of cryptosporidiosis among students in Anhui Province, and to provide basis for prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis among students. Methods A total of 4048 samples from stools from different education levels were collected from different cities in Anhui Province. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by ammine - phenol staining and modified acid - fast staining. Results Cryptosporidium infection rate was 1.33% (54/4048). The prevalence rates of Cryptosporidium were 3.15% (28/889), 0.82% (9/1098), 0.82% (9/1092) and 0.83% (8/969) in young children, primary school students, middle school students and college students, respectively There was significant difference between students (P <0.01). The infection rates of Cryptosporidium parvum between boys and girls were 1.49% (28/1880) and 1.20% (26/2168) respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). The detection rates of Cryptosporidium in urban and rural areas were 0.75% (13/1740) and 1.78% (41/2308) respectively, the difference was significant (P <0.01). Cryptosporidium infection in sub-clinical infection, the main clinical manifestations of intermittent mild abdominal pain, mild diarrhea, loose stools. Conclusions Cryptosporidiosis is more common in infants in Anhui province and more common in rural areas than in urban areas. Cryptosporidiosis lacks specific clinical manifestations. Subclinical infection is the main manifestation of it. It is easily misdiagnosed and missed.