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一般论者认为,张之洞的《劝学篇》是反“民权”的;其核心创获——“中体西用”论中的“西用”,仍停留在“西技西艺”层面。本文通过分析《劝学篇》中张之洞对西方民权、立法、议院的理解,认为他反对“民权”却不反“立宪”,并且对西方立宪制度中的“立法”与“议院”颇为认同,不无效仿之意;张之洞的“立宪”在于“保教”,这大大限制了他对“西政”的吸收。尽管如此, 《劝学篇》仍不失为张之洞立宪思想的首次表达之作。
The general commentator holds that Zhang Zhidong’s “Encouraging Studies” is anti-“civil rights”; its core gain - “Western use” in “Chinese learning with Western use” still stays at the level of “Western techniques” . By analyzing Zhang Zhidong’s understanding of Western civil rights, legislation and the House of Representatives in “Encouraging Learning”, this article holds that he opposes “civil rights” but does not oppose “constitutional” and that “legislation” and “House” in the western constitutional system For identity, not without imitation; Zhang Zhidong’s “constitutional” lies in “Paul”, which greatly limits his absorption of “Western politics.” However, “Encouraging Learning” is still the first expression of Zhang Zhidong’s constitutionalism.