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目的对2012-2013年福州市手足口病进行病原学调查研究并对其流行病学特征进行分析,旨在全面了解福州地区手足口病的肠道病毒。方法收集2012-2013年福州市区临床表现为手足口病的样本1 031份,通过荧光定量RT-PCR、巢式RT-PCR以及NCBI提供的BLAST序列比对确定肠道病毒型别。利用CVA6特异性引物鉴定2012-2013年福州市其他肠道病毒。对2012年CVA6手足口病例进行流行病学特征分析。结果 1 031份标本中878份显示EV阳性,检出率为85.16%(878/1 031),其中EV71 426例,阳性率为45.52%(426/878);CVA16 93例,阳性率为10.60%(93/878);其他肠道病毒359例,阳性率为40.88%(359/878),其中CVA6为218例,阳性率为24.83%(218/878)。另还发现CVA10和Echo3肠道病毒。流行病学特征分析发现0~5岁年龄组儿童为CVA6主要发病人群(构成比为94.04%),男女性别比为1.66∶1;CVA6构成比情况在各月有较大差异,总体起伏明显,9月的CVA6病例构成比占62.50%,达到2012年最高峰。结论 EV71、CVA16和CVA6是福州市手足口的主要肠道病原体,CVA6病毒已经超过CVA16成为第二大病原体,2012年CVA6主要发病人群为0~5岁儿童,9月份为发病高峰期。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Fuzhou from 2012 to 2013 and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Fuzhou in order to get a comprehensive understanding of enterovirus in HFMD in Fuzhou. Methods A total of 1 031 samples of hand-foot-mouth disease were collected from Fuzhou city in 2012-2013. The enterovirus types were determined by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, nested RT-PCR and BLAST sequence provided by NCBI. Identification of other enteroviruses in Fuzhou from 2012 to 2013 using CVA6 specific primers. Epidemiological characteristics of CVA6 hand-foot-mouth cases in 2012 were analyzed. Results 878 of 1031 samples were positive for EV, with a positive rate of 85.16% (878/1 031), of which 426 were EV71 (45.52%, 426/878). The positive rate of CVA16 was 10.60% (93/878). The other 359 enteric viruses had a positive rate of 40.88% (359/878). Among them, 218 were CVA6 and the positive rate was 24.83% (218/878). Also found CVA10 and Echo3 enterovirus. Epidemiological characteristics of children with CVA6 in the age group of 0-5 years old were found to be the main pathogenesis group (94.04%), the male-to-female sex ratio was 1.66:1. The CVA6 composition ratio was significantly different in each month, In September, the proportion of CVA6 cases accounted for 62.50%, reaching the peak in 2012. Conclusions EV71, CVA16 and CVA6 are the major intestinal pathogens of hand, foot and mouth in Fuzhou. CVA6 virus has surpassed CVA16 as the second most important pathogen. In 2012, the prevalence of CVA6 in children was 0-5 years old and the peak was in September.