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为全面了解都江堰猕猴桃主产区果园土壤肥力状况以及科学评价土壤环境质量,以该地区处于盛产期的9个果园为研究对象,分析果园表层土壤的pH、有机质以及有效态的N、P、K含量。结果显示:土壤明显偏酸性;土壤有机质含量较为充足,70.7%的土壤样本有机质含量超过了30 g/kg;79.3%的土壤样品碱解N含量超过120 mg/kg,仅有4.8%的土壤样品碱解N表现缺乏;18.3%的土壤样本速效P含量表现缺乏,仅有8.5%的土壤样品缺乏K素。从整体上看,果园的土壤pH和有机质空间变异较小,而有效P和有效K分布不均衡。此外,本次调查结果显示都江堰猕猴桃主产区果园的土壤环境质量不容乐观,56.1%土壤样本的pH<5.5,在猕猴桃适宜生长范围pH 5.5~7.0的样本数只有32.9%。76.9%的土壤样品碱解N含量超过了150 mg/kg;62.2%的土壤样品速效P含量超过了50 mg/kg。因此,需要及时提高果园土壤养分管理水平,建议适当调整施肥策略,根据果树生长需肥规律施肥,提高肥料利用率,避免果园施肥造成的面源污染和土壤环境质量恶化。
In order to comprehensively understand the status of soil fertility of orchards in the main producing areas of kiwifruit in Dujiangyan and to evaluate the environmental quality of the soil scientifically, 9 orchards in the high yielding period in this area were selected as research objects to analyze the pH, organic matter and available N, P, K content. The results showed that: the soil was obviously acidic; the soil organic matter content was adequate; the content of organic matter in 70.7% of soil samples exceeded 30 g / kg; the content of alkaline hydrolysis N in soil samples exceeded 120 mg / kg in 79.3%, and only 4.8% Alkaline N was lacking, 18.3% of soil samples lacked available P, and only 8.5% of soil samples lacked K. On the whole, the spatial variability of soil pH and organic matter in the orchard is small, but the distribution of available P and available K is not balanced. In addition, the survey results show that the quality of soil environment in the orchards of main kiwifruit producing areas in Dujiangyan is not optimistic. The pH value of 56.1% soil samples is less than 5.5, and only 32.9% of the samples are suitable for growing kiwifruit in pH 5.5-7.0. Soil alkalinity N content in soil samples exceeded 150 mg / kg in 76.9% of the soil samples; and the available P content in 62.2% of the soil samples exceeded 50 mg / kg. Therefore, it is necessary to timely improve the management level of soil nutrient in orchards. It is suggested that fertilization strategies should be properly adjusted, fertilizers should be applied according to the law of growth and fertilization of fruit trees, the utilization rate of fertilizers should be increased, and the non-point source pollution caused by fertilization in the orchard and the deterioration of soil environment quality should be avoided.