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[目的]研究交配因子发生重组对食用菌发育的影响,探讨自交能否用于选育无孢/少孢食用菌品种。[方法]选用杨柳田头菇菌株YAASM0711为自交材料,以单核菌株生长速度为指标定向的选择了6种自交组合,对其自交F1代群体的质量性状(颜色、畸形、生长特性)、数量性状(形状、产量、大小、数目)以及交配型进行综合分析。[结果]交配因子发生重组的单孢菌株自交后,后代群体遗传分化严重,大多数菌株的菌丝平均生长速度与农艺性状降低,从出菇形状上表现型分为正常菇和不正常出菇(形成畸形菇、无孢或少孢、不出菇),其中18%表现为超亲,对于超亲菌株可根据育种目标选择自交子代群体中的优势菌株加以利用。[结论]控制单孢生长速度快慢的基因与交配因子是连锁的,通过交配型与生长速度相关性筛选出发生交配因子重组的单孢菌株,交配出菇研究得出与孢子缺失或少孢发育相关的基因是隐性的,自交不仅可以得到与食用菌发育缺陷相关的基因材料,还可以选育有重要应用前景的无孢生产菌株。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effect of recombination of mating factors on the development of edible fungi and to explore whether the selfing can be used for breeding the edible fungus without spore / spore. [Method] Six kinds of selfing combinations were selected with YAASM0711 strain of Y. tumefaciens as inbred material and the growth rate of mononuclear strain as the index. The quality traits (color, deformity, growth characteristics ), Quantitative traits (shape, yield, size, number) and mating type for a comprehensive analysis. [Result] The results showed that the genetic differentiation of the spore-forming monosomyces strains was serious after selfing. The average mycelial growth rate and agronomic traits of most strains decreased. The morphological characters of fruiting bodies were divided into normal and abnormal Mushrooms (Malformed mushrooms, no spores or less spores, no fruiting bodies), of which 18% showed super-parents. For the super-parental strains, the dominant strains in the self-progeny generation population could be selected for breeding purposes. [Conclusion] The genes controlling the speed of single spore growth were linked with mating factors. Monoclonal strains with mating factor recombination were screened through the correlation between mating type and growth rate. Related genes are recessive, selfing can not only get the genetic material associated with the developmental defects of edible fungi, but also breeding non-spore production strains with important application prospects.