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目的调查淮南矿业集团煤矿井下作业场所环境因素。方法于2014年4—9月,采用粉尘采样器采集淮南矿区2个煤矿,每个煤矿9个采样点,计算作业场所短时间接触容许浓度(permissible concentration-short term exposure limit,PCSTEL)和时间加权平均呼吸性粉尘浓度(permissible concentration-time weighted average,PC-TWA),以焦磷酸质量法测定煤矿粉尘中游离SiO_2含量,以原子吸收光谱法测定粉尘中主要金属与类金属元素含量,以撞击式空气微生物采样法进行矿井作业环境中细菌和霉菌检测。结果两矿井下环境粉尘样品中分别有42.59%(23/54)和50.00%(27/54)的PCSTEL超过国标限值,有27.78%(15/54)和25.93%(14/54)的PC-TWA超过国标限值。游离SiO_2含量平均为13.28%,其中与掘进相关的作业场所SiO_2含量较高(>10%),而其他粉尘中含量<10%;岩巷作业场所粉尘中游离SiO_2含量高于其他采样点,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粉尘样品中8种金属与类金属元素的含量合计占总粉尘的1.98%,其中Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb、Ni、Cd和As含量分别为(25.68±7.24)、(37.21±8.16)、(64.85±36.97)、(611.80±70.34)、(30.15±10.95)、(106.84±38.68)、(2.31±1.65)、(3.18±1.70)μg/g。矿井作业场所空气中细菌和真菌浓度分别占微生物总浓度的73.81%和26.19%,细菌浓度明显高于真菌,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。细菌以G+球菌和G+杆菌为主,G+球菌主要是葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和微球菌属(Micrococcus),G+杆菌以芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)为主;真菌主要为曲霉属(Aspergillus)和青霉属(Penicillium)。结论淮南矿区井下作业场所粉尘污染严重,作业场所空气中细菌浓度高于真菌。
Objective To investigate the environmental factors of the underground coal mine workplace in Huainan Mining Group. Methods From April to September 2014, two coal mines in Huainan mining area and nine sampling points in each coal mine were collected using a dust sampler to calculate permissible concentration-short term exposure limit (PCSTEL) and time-weighted (PC-TWA). The content of free SiO_2 in coal mine dust was determined by pyrophosphoric acid quality method. The content of major metals and metalloid elements in dust was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, Airborne microorganism sampling method for detection of bacteria and fungi in mine operation environment. Results The PCSTEL of 42.59% (23/54) and 50.00% (27/54) in the two mine dust samples exceeded the national standard by 27.78% (15/54) and 25.93% (14/54) respectively -TWA exceeds the national standard limit. The content of free SiO_2 was 13.28% on average, of which the content of SiO_2 was higher (> 10%) in job sites related to tunneling, while the content of other SiO_2 in dust was lower than that of other sampling sites There was statistical significance (P <0.05). The contents of 8 kinds of metals and metal elements in the dust samples accounted for 1.98% of the total dust, and the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cd and As were 25.68 ± 7.24 and 37.21 ± 8.16, , (64.85 ± 36.97), (611.80 ± 70.34), (30.15 ± 10.95), (106.84 ± 38.68), (2.31 ± 1.65), (3.18 ± 1.70) μg / g. The concentration of bacteria and fungi in the air of the mine site accounted for 73.81% and 26.19% of the total microbial concentration, respectively, and the bacterial concentration was significantly higher than that of the fungi (P <0.01). The bacteria are mainly G + cocci and G + bacilli, G + cocci are mainly Staphylococcus and Micrococcus, and G + bacilli are mainly Bacillus. The fungi are mainly Aspergillus and Cyanobacteria Penicillium. Conclusion The dust in the underground work place in Huainan Mining Area is seriously polluted, and the bacteria concentration in the air in the work place is higher than that in the fungus.