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目的:为实施中央财政专项资金2010年在普安县防治地氟病项目进行摸底调查,并为制订具体防治细则提供依据。方法:由县地病办培训的各乡镇干部、乡镇卫生院和村医生按照统一的调查表对村民炉灶使用情况进行逐户普查,同时抽查村民粮食干燥及食前淘洗情况;用统一的调查问卷抽查成人和学生地氟病防治知识知晓率情况;由县疾控专业人员、乡镇卫生院和村医生在村小学调查8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果:在9个项目乡镇的50个村调查了31189户农户炉灶使用情况,回风铁炉拥有率为9.33%,回风铁炉烟管出屋率为97.77%,煤灶拥有率89.94%,煤灶烟囱出屋率3.36%,电炊具拥有率24.92%。9个项目乡镇的8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为57.04%,受调查的50个村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率均大于30%。89.66%和88.97%的村民用敞煤火烘烤玉米和辣椒,42.98%和44.73%的村民食前淘洗玉米和辣椒。调查学生和家庭户主地氟病防治知识知晓率分别为39.62%和30.55%。结论:通过基线调查确认,普安县的这9个乡镇的50个村为地氟病流行区,符合综合防治项目的实施要求。通过在这个地区进行健康教育提高群众的防病意识,并投入资金实施炉灶改良,以达到防治燃煤污染型氟中毒流行的目的。
Objective: To carry out a thorough investigation of endemic fluorosis in Pu’an County in 2010 for the special funds of the Central Government, and provide basis for formulating specific prevention and control rules. Methods: The township cadres, township hospitals and village doctors trained by county hospitals conducted a household survey on the use of stoves by households according to a unified questionnaire. Meanwhile, the situation of villagers’ food dryness and panning before meals was also checked. A unified questionnaire Spot check of adult and student awareness of fluoride prevention and control of the situation; by the county CDC professionals, township hospitals and village doctors in the village primary school children aged 8 to 12 dental fluorosis survey. Results: The use of 31,189 household stoves was investigated in 50 villages and towns in 9 townships. The return rate of iron stoves was 9.33%, that of returning iron stoves was 97.77%, that of coal stoves was 89.94% Burning stove chimney rate of 3.36%, electric cooker ownership rate of 24.92%. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children from 8 to 12 years old in 9 projects was 57.04%. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 ~ 12 in 50 villages was more than 30%. 89.66% and 88.97% of villagers roasted corn and peppers with open coal fires, and 42.98% and 44.73% of villagers pre-washed corn and peppers before eating. The awareness rate of knowledge on prevention and treatment of endemic fluorosis among students and family heads surveyed was 39.62% and 30.55% respectively. Conclusion: According to the baseline survey, 50 villages in these nine townships in Pu’an County are endemic to endemic fluorosis, meeting the implementation requirements of the comprehensive prevention and control project. Through health education in this area to raise public awareness of disease prevention, and invest funds to implement stove improvement in order to achieve the purpose of combating coal-based fluorosis poisoning.