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Objective To investigate the effect of apoptosis and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) on the early spontaneous abortion Methods TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis in trophoblast cells in early pregnancy with and without spontaneous abortion (the experiment group and the control group), while iNOS was detected by both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. By computer color magic image analysis system(CMIAS), positive cell indexes were represented by D (density) and N/S(number/square) in both apoptosis and in situ hybridization, in immunohistochemistry were N/S and PU(positive unit). Results Positive cell indexes of apoptosis D and N/S were significntly higher in the experiment group (0.48±0.004, 0.045±0.002) than that in the control group(0.35+0.06, 0.031±0.003. P<0.001). D and N/S of inducible nitric oxide synthase in situ hybridization were 0.33±0.028, 0.074±0.001 respectively in the experiment group and 0.13±0.015, 0.019±0.004 respectively in the control group. N/S and PU were significantly higher in the experiment group(0.058±0.007, 11.94±2.01) than that in the control group (0.007±0.001, 1.18±0.35, P<0.01). There existed a positive correlation between iNOS and apoptosis too. Conclution Apoptosis and iNOS in trophoblasts might play an important role in early spontaneous abortion and there was a positive correlation between apoptosis and iNOS.