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我国古代的水文科学和航海事业都很发达,在很长一个时期内处于世界领先地位,并由此而产生了丰富的水文档案。据现有资料看,最早记载水体名称的是甲骨档案,其中有泉字、渊字等。说明当时已具有了初步的水文知识,并予以描述和记录。水文科学是一门注重实地观测和调查的科学,我们所说的水文档案,也主要是实际观测记录材料。就陆地水文而言,黄河、长江是我国的两个最大的水系,并且,这两大水域古代文明又很发达,因此,围绕着这两大水系形成了大量的水文档案。早在春秋战国时期,当时的一些诸侯国,大概是为占卜吉祥,注意了对黄河异常现象的观察,由此形成了记载黄河含沙量突增现象的档案材料。方诗铭、王修龄的《古本竹
In ancient China, both hydrological science and navigation are well-developed, leading the world in a very long period of time. As a result, a wealth of hydrological archives have been produced. According to available information, the earliest record of the name of the body of oracle bone archives, including the word spring, deep word and so on. Indicating that at that time, preliminary hydrological knowledge was already available and was described and recorded. Hydrology is a science that focuses on field observations and investigations, and what we call the hydrological archives is also mainly the actual observational material. In terms of terrestrial hydrology, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River are the two largest water systems in our country. Moreover, the ancient civilizations in these two major watersheds are also very developed. Therefore, a large number of hydrological archives are formed around these two major river systems. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period, some vassal states at that time were probably fortune-telling auspicious, paying attention to the observation of anomalies in the Yellow River, thus forming the archival material recording the sudden increase of the sediment concentration in the Yellow River. Fang Shi Ming, Wang Xiling’s "ancient bamboo