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目的应用风险评估方法对纺织印染中小企业的职业病危害进行综合评估,为有针对性控制该行业职业病危害、保护劳动者健康提供依据。方法选择具有代表性的纺织印染中小企业10家,通过现场调查和检测,采用风险指数评估方法对各种危害因素进行综合半定量评估。结果纺织印染中小企业存在多种职业危害因素,主要包括棉尘、噪声及各种化学物质;风险评估结果显示二氧化氮、硫化氢、氯气、甲醛、四氯化碳和一氧化碳具有高度的风险,此外棉尘由于超标严重具有极高的危害风险。结论纺织印染中小企业存在较多职业病危害,属高风险作业,须采取有效的综合措施来降低此类风险,尤其是产生棉尘的岗位。
Objective To evaluate the risk of occupational diseases in textile printing and dyeing SMEs by using the method of risk assessment and provide evidence for targeted control of occupational hazards in the industry and protection of workers’ health. Methods Ten representative textile printing and dyeing SMEs were selected. Through on-the-spot investigation and testing, a comprehensive semi-quantitative assessment of various hazards was carried out by using risk index evaluation method. Results There were many occupational hazards in textile printing and dyeing SMEs, including cotton dust, noise and various chemicals. The risk assessment showed that there was a high risk of nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, formaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride and carbon monoxide. In addition cotton dust due to excessive serious risk of high risk. Conclusion There are more occupational hazards in textile printing and dyeing SMEs, which are high-risk operations and effective measures must be taken to reduce such risks, especially those that generate cotton dust.