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目的了解高校学生维生素D水平及相关因素,为干预青少年维生素D缺乏提供科学依据。方法于2015年4月在阜阳市某高校方便抽取大一到大三年级6个班级的339名青少年进行维生素D相关因素问卷调查,并采集指尖血应用串联质谱法检测25(OH)D水平。结果研究对象的25(OH)D水平范围为(6.2~34.5)nmol/L,均值为(16.0±5.4)nmol/L。单因素分析显示,年龄较小、女性、非独生子女、经常晒太阳、近1周每天11:00—14:59户外活动时间≥30min的青少年有较高的25(OH)D水平。食用含维生素D相对较多食物的频率与25(OH)D水平间无统计学意义关联。多因素分析显示,年龄越大,25(OH)D水平越低(β=-0.62,95%CI=-1.04~-0.20);女生25(OH)D水平较男生更高(β=2.31,95%CI=0.96~3.66);晒太阳频率越高(β=0.99,95%CI=0.13~1.85)和11:00—12:59户外活动时间越长(β=0.93,95%CI=0.27~1.58),25(OH)D水平越高。结论青少年维生素D缺乏十分普遍,食用含维生素D相对高的食物不能有效提高25(OH)D水平,而经常晒太阳和增加有效户外活动时间可有效提高维生素D水平。
Objective To understand the level of vitamin D in college students and related factors and provide a scientific basis for intervening vitamin D deficiency in adolescents. Methods A total of 339 adolescents with 6 classes of freshman to senior year were enrolled in a university in Fuyang City in April 2015 to conduct a questionnaire survey of vitamin D related factors. Blood samples were collected for determination of 25 (OH) D by tandem mass spectrometry . Results The 25 (OH) D level ranged from (6.2 to 34.5) nmol / L with a mean of (16.0 ± 5.4) nmol / L. Univariate analysis showed that younger children, female, non-singletons and regular sunbathing had higher levels of 25 (OH) D daily from 11:00 to 14:59 in adolescents with ≥30 minutes of outdoor activity in the recent 1 week. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of eating more foods containing vitamin D and the level of 25 (OH) D. Multivariate analysis showed that the higher the age, the lower the 25 (OH) D level (β = -0.62, 95% CI = -1.04 ~ -0.20) (Β = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.13 ~ 1.85) and 11: 00-12: 59 (β = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.27 ~ 1.58), the higher the 25 (OH) D level. Conclusions Adolescent vitamin D deficiency is very common. Eating foods containing relatively high levels of vitamin D can not effectively increase the level of 25 (OH) D. However, regular exposure to the sun and increased outdoor activities can effectively increase vitamin D levels.