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【目的】探究新型生态型雄性不育系BNS的遗传特点,为不育系的转育与改良提出理论指导,并为BNS败育机制的进一步研究奠定基础。【方法】利用7个品种(系)与BNS的正反交组合,判断BNS雄性不育的胞质效应,并利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,连续3年对BNS/山农055525 F1、F2的育性表现进行分析,判别其最佳模型,并估计遗传参数。【结果】BNS雄性不育性主要受核基因的控制,部分品种(系)表现胞质效应。BNS/山农055525 F2育性呈现连续分布状态,具有明显的多峰或偏态现象,遗传符合E_1,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型。主基因遗传率为72.5%—79.7%,多基因遗传率为4%—11.6%,环境方差占表型方差的比例为8.8%—23.6%。BNS雄性不育基因的表达受温度因子的影响较大,F2自交结实率及遗传参数因年度间的温度不同而异。【结论】BNS的雄性不育性受2对主基因和多基因的共同控制,并初步发现存在一定的胞质效应。2对主基因对育性的遗传影响较大,其加性效应远远大于显性效应。因此,在不育系的转育与改良过程中可以进行早代选择,以提高育种效率。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the genetic characteristics of a new ecotype male sterile line (BNS), to provide theoretical guidance for the breeding and improvement of CMS lines and to lay the foundation for further research on the BNS abortion mechanism. 【Method】 The cytoplasmic effects of BNS and male sterile were determined by using the reciprocal crosses of 7 breeds and BNSs. Based on the combined genetic and multifactorial genetic model of plant quantitative traits, BNS / 055525 F1, F2 fertility performance analysis to determine the best model, and to estimate genetic parameters. 【Result】 BNS male sterility was mainly controlled by nuclear genes. Some varieties (lines) showed cytoplasmic effects. The fertility of F2 / BNS / Shannong 055525 showed a continuous distribution with obvious multimodal or skewed phenotypes. The inheritance was consistent with E_1, that is, 2 pairs of additive - dominance - epistatic major plus additive - dominance polygenes. The heritability of the major genes ranged from 72.5% to 79.7%, the polygene heritability ranged from 4% to 11.6%, and the environmental variance accounted for 8.8% -23.6% of the phenotypic variance. The expression of BNS male sterility gene is greatly influenced by the temperature factor. The F2 selfed seed setting rate and genetic parameters vary with the annual temperature. 【Conclusion】 The male sterility of BNS was controlled by two major genes and multiple genes, and some cytoplasmic effects were found. 2 had a greater impact on the genetic inheritance of main fertility, and its additive effect was far greater than the dominant effect. Therefore, early generation selection can be carried out in the process of breeding and improvement of CMS to improve breeding efficiency.