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目的了解广州市市售禽畜肉重金属铅、镉污染水平。方法采取分层随机抽样方法,2006—2011年在全市12个行政区域内的超市、农贸市场、餐饮业、批发市场等监测点采集禽肉、畜肉、猪内脏共879份,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测铅、镉含量。结果 879份畜禽肉样品铅检出率65.42%,合格率94.54%;镉检出率55.38%,合格率97.42%;铅、镉平均检测值(以P50计)均低于国家食品污染物限量标准;但检测的极端值也均为猪内脏,分别超出国家标准4.9和5.2倍;各样品铅合格率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=14.181,P<0.05),镉合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.174,P≥0.05);四类样品中铅、镉检出率同样是以动物内脏最高,分别为70.21%、88.21%;2006—2011年各年之间铅的合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=10.45,P>0.05),但镉的合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.82,P<0.05),有随年份推移而升高的趋势。结论广州市禽畜肉食品铅、镉污染水平较低,镉污染有逐年下降趋势;内脏是铅、镉主要积聚部位;建议不宜过量摄入禽畜动物内脏。
Objective To understand the levels of heavy metal lead and cadmium in livestock meat in Guangzhou. Methods A stratified random sampling method was adopted. A total of 879 samples of poultry meat, livestock meat and pig offal were collected from monitoring stations such as supermarkets, farmers’ markets, restaurants and wholesale markets in 12 administrative regions of the city from 2006 to 2011, Spectrometric detection of lead and cadmium content. Results The detection rate of lead in 879 samples was 65.42%, the pass rate was 94.54%. The detection rate of cadmium was 55.38% and the pass rate was 97.42%. The average detected values of lead and cadmium (P50) were lower than the national food pollutants limit However, the extreme value of detection was also all of pig offal, which exceeded the national standard by 4.9 and 5.2 times respectively. There was significant difference in lead passing rate among samples (χ2 = 14.181, P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in passing rate of cadmium (χ2 = 2.174, P≥0.05). The detection rates of lead and cadmium in the four samples were also the highest in animal offal, accounting for 70.21% and 88.21% respectively. There was no statistical difference in the passing rates of lead between 2006 and 2011 (Χ2 = 10.45, P> 0.05), but there was a significant difference in the passing rate of cadmium (χ2 = 14.82, P <0.05), with the increasing trend over the years. Conclusions The level of lead and cadmium pollution in poultry meat of Guangzhou is relatively low, and the cadmium pollution is declining year by year. The viscera is the main accumulation site of lead and cadmium. It is not advisable to over ingest animal internal organs of livestock and poultry.