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骨髓单个核细胞包括间充质干细胞、造血干细胞和内皮祖细胞,这些细胞移植到缺血心肌后可分化为心肌细胞、血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞;并且可通过旁分泌和自分泌一些细胞因子促进血管新生,防止宿主细胞和移植细胞凋亡,并使内源性修复细胞归巢,修复受损的心肌。目前国内外已进行了大量应用于缺血性心脏病的试验,这些研究采用多种途径将骨髓单个核细胞植入到冠状动脉或心肌内,包括冠状动脉内注射、静脉输入、直接室壁注射、心外膜或心内膜下输入,并通过将细胞制成碎片而提高其滞留率,或应用一些细胞因子提高治疗效果。虽然目前这些临床试验结果尚存在争议,但这些方法在治疗缺血性心脏病方面仍有前景。现对骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗缺血性心脏病的机制、移植途径、骨髓单个核细胞的滞留、归巢、存活和展望等进行综述。
Bone marrow mononuclear cells include mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and endothelial progenitor cells that are differentiated into cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells after transplantation into the ischemic myocardium; these cells can be facilitated by paracrine and autocrine cytokines Angiogenesis prevents host and transplant cell apoptosis, homing endogenous repair cells, and repairing damaged myocardium. At present, a large number of experiments have been carried out in ischemic heart disease both at home and abroad. These studies involve the implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into the coronary or cardiac muscle in a variety of ways, including intracoronary injection, intravenous infusion, , Epicardial or subendocardial infusions and increase their retention by fragmenting the cells or applying some cytokines to enhance the therapeutic effect. Although the results of these clinical trials are still controversial, these methods are still promising for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Now the mechanism of transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, transplantation pathways, the retention of bone marrow mononuclear cells, homing, survival and prospects were reviewed.