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目的:探讨老年支气管哮喘(哮喘)患者气道反应性特点:方法:对33例老年哮喘患者先运用乙酰甲胆碱进行气道激发试验,后再进行气道扩张试验,观察用力肺活量、第1s用力呼气量、最高呼气流量、用力呼气流速和MMEF变化,并与28例中青年哮喘患者进行比较。结果:老年哮喘气道激发试验阳性所需乙酰甲胆碱浓度高于中青年人(P=0.01),而气道扩张试验的FEV1、PEF、FEF和MMEF的改善率低于后者(P均≤0.01),老年组气道扩张试验后FEF和MMEF的改善率均高于FEV1(P均≤0.02)。结论:老年气道反应程度普遍低于中青年人,气道扩张试验后FEF和MMEF的变化较FEV1敏感。
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of airway responsiveness in elderly patients with bronchial asthma (asthma): Methods: Thirty-three elderly patients with asthma were anesthetized with methacholine, then airway expansion test was performed. The forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume, maximum expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow and MMEF changes, and with 28 cases of young and middle-aged asthma patients were compared. Results: The concentration of methacholine required for airway challenge test in elderly asthma was higher than that in middle-aged and young people (P = 0.01), while the improvement rates of FEV1, PEF, FEF and MMEF in airway dilation test were lower than those in the latter ≤0.01). The improvement rates of FEF and MMEF after the airway expansion test in the elderly group were all higher than those in the FEV1 group (all P≤0.02). CONCLUSION: The airway response in the elderly is generally lower than that in middle-aged and young people. The change of FEF and MMEF after airway expansion test is more sensitive than FEV1.