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目的评价浙江省人群膳食碘摄入水平。方法应用整群抽样法抽取9798名浙江省常住居民为调查对象,对调查点中不包含妊娠期与哺乳期妇女的居民采用24 h回顾法和查询《食物成分表》方法获得居民食物碘摄入量,同时在每个选定的社区(乡镇)采用单纯随机法抽取100户家庭采集食盐样品,采用直接滴定法检测盐碘,采集生活饮用水水样,采用砷铈催化分光光度法检测水碘。结果浙江省居民膳食碘中位日摄入量为272.36(261.99)μg/d,摄入量随着年龄升高而逐渐上升(χ2=102.27,P<0.05)。内陆地区居民膳食碘平均摄入量最高,达到了350.94(236.05)μg/d,次沿海地区次之为257.08(215.68)μg/d,沿海地区最低,为216.23(330.90)μg/d(χ2=666.20,P<0.05)。浙江省居民膳食碘不足推荐摄入量(Recommended Nutrient Intake,RNI)的比例为19.10%(1871/9798),而高于碘可耐受最高摄入量(Tolerable Upper Intake Level,UL)的比例为14.49%(1420/9798),而沿海、次沿海、内陆地区不足RNI的比例分别为35.37%(1256/3551),11.76%(415/3530),7.36%(200/2717),高于UL值的比例分别为13.04%(463/3551),,12.10%(427/3530),19.51%(530/2717)。食盐在膳食碘摄入量中的平均贡献率为73.45%,饮用水的平均贡献率为1.22%,食物的平均贡献率为25.16%;不同地区间,内陆食盐的平均贡献率最高(81.64%),饮用水平均贡献率最低,仅为0.79%;而沿海食盐的平均贡献率最低(65.37%),海带及海鱼的平均贡献率最高,达到了23.57%,2.48%。结论浙江省次沿海与内陆地区居民膳食碘摄入量达到推荐的营养摄入水平,而沿海地区则还存在一定程度的碘摄入不足。应继续在浙江省实行全民食盐加碘政策,同时针对不同地区不同的加碘盐需求情况,制定合理有效的方针政策,因地制宜,保证全民健康。
Objective To evaluate dietary iodine intake in Zhejiang Province. Methods A total of 9798 residents in Zhejiang Province were enrolled in this study. Residents of pregnant women who did not include pregnancy and lactation were investigated by 24 h retrospective method and inquired “Food Composition Table” method to obtain iodine intake of residents’ food At the same time, salt samples were collected from 100 households in each selected community (township) using simple random method. Salt iodine was detected by direct titration, water samples of domestic drinking water were collected, and arsenic and cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to detect water iodine . Results The median daily dietary iodine intake of residents in Zhejiang Province was 272.36 (261.99) μg / d. The intake increased gradually with age (χ2 = 102.27, P <0.05). Inland residents had the highest average dietary iodine intake of 350.94 (236.05) μg / d, followed by the coastal areas of 257.08 (215.68) μg / d and the coastal areas with the lowest intake of 216.23 (330.90) μg / d (χ2 = 666.20, P <0.05). Zhejiang Province residents had a dietary iodine-recommended intake (RNI) of 19.10% (1871/9798), while those above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) 14.49% (1420/9798), while the proportion of RNI in coastal, sub-coastal and inland areas were 35.37% (1256/3551), 11.76% (415/3530) and 7.36% (200/2717) The values were 13.04% (463/3551), 12.10% (427/3530) and 19.51% (530/2717), respectively. The average contribution rate of salt to dietary iodine intake was 73.45%, average contribution rate of drinking water was 1.22%, and average contribution rate of food was 25.16%. Among different regions, the average contribution rate of inland salt was the highest (81.64% ), While the average contribution rate of drinking water was the lowest, only 0.79%; while the average contribution rate of coastal salt was the lowest (65.37%), while the average contributions of kelp and marine fish were the highest, reaching 23.57% and 2.48% respectively. Conclusion The dietary iodine intake of residents in the coastal areas and inland areas of Zhejiang Province reaches the recommended level of nutrition intake, while there is still some insufficiency of iodine intake in the coastal areas. Should continue to implement the national salt iodization policy in Zhejiang Province, at the same time for different regions of the demand for iodized salt, to develop reasonable and effective guidelines and policies, according to local conditions to ensure universal health.