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目的:分析医院新生儿重症监护室(Neonatal intensive care unit,简称NICU)医院感染的现状、特征及相关危险因素以及防控措施。方法:采用前瞻性监测方法,依托医院感染监测系统和临床医生网络直报系统,抽取2016年1—12月期间医院NICU患儿2 106例临床记录数据,分析NICU患儿医院感染的发病情况。结果:2 106例患儿中发生医院感染152例,其感染率为7.22%;感染例次158例,其例次感染率为7.50%;感染发生部位以下呼吸道感染为主占39.24%(62/158);其中呼吸机相关性肺炎(Ventilator associated pneumonia,简称VAP)的发病率为34.43‰。结论:医院NICU出生低体质量患儿医院感染的发生率、器械使用率与器械相关感染的发病率较高,应从隔离措施、操作规程、个人防护和消毒等方面采取针对性的护理措施进行防控。
Objective: To analyze the current situation, characteristics, risk factors and prevention and control measures of nosocomial infection in hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: By prospective monitoring method, based on the nosocomial infection monitoring system and clinician direct reporting system, 2 106 clinical records of NICU children in hospital from January to December in 2016 were collected to analyze the incidence of nosocomial infection in NICU children. Results: Two hundred and thirteen cases of nosocomial infection occurred in 152 cases, the infection rate was 7.22%. In 158 cases of infection, the infection rate was 7.50%. The incidence of respiratory tract infection was 39.24% (62 / 158). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was 34.43 ‰. Conclusion: The incidence of nosocomial infection, equipment usage and device-related infection in NICU with low birth weight are higher, so we should take specific nursing measures such as isolation measures, operating procedures, personal protection and disinfection control.